drivers/bluetooth/bt3c_cs.c

   1 /*
   2  *
   3  *  Driver for the 3Com Bluetooth PCMCIA card
   4  *
   5  *  Copyright (C) 2001-2002  Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
   6  *                           Jose Orlando Pereira <jop@di.uminho.pt>
   7  *
   8  *
   9  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  10  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
  11  *  published by the Free Software Foundation;
  12  *
  13  *  Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
  14  *  IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
  15  *  implied. See the License for the specific language governing
  16  *  rights and limitations under the License.
  17  *
  18  *  The initial developer of the original code is David A. Hinds
  19  *  <dahinds@users.sourceforge.net>.  Portions created by David A. Hinds
  20  *  are Copyright (C) 1999 David A. Hinds.  All Rights Reserved.
  21  *
  22  */
  23
  24 #include <linux/module.h>
  25
  26 #include <linux/kernel.h>
  27 #include <linux/init.h>
  28 #include <linux/slab.h>
  29 #include <linux/types.h>
  30 #include <linux/delay.h>
  31 #include <linux/errno.h>
  32 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
  33 #include <linux/ioport.h>
  34 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
  35 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
  36
  37 #include <linux/skbuff.h>
  38 #include <linux/string.h>
  39 #include <linux/serial.h>
  40 #include <linux/serial_reg.h>
  41 #include <linux/bitops.h>
  42 #include <asm/io.h>
  43
  44 #include <linux/device.h>
  45 #include <linux/firmware.h>
  46
  47 #include <pcmcia/cistpl.h>
  48 #include <pcmcia/ciscode.h>
  49 #include <pcmcia/ds.h>
  50 #include <pcmcia/cisreg.h>
  51
  52 #include <net/bluetooth/bluetooth.h>
  53 #include <net/bluetooth/hci_core.h>
  54
  55
  56
  57 /* ======================== Module parameters ======================== */
  58
  59
  60 MODULE_AUTHOR("Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>");
  61 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Bluetooth driver for the 3Com Bluetooth PCMCIA card");
  62 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
  63 MODULE_FIRMWARE("BT3CPCC.bin");
  64
  65
  66
  67 /* ======================== Local structures ======================== */
  68
  69
  70 typedef struct bt3c_info_t {
  71         struct pcmcia_device *p_dev;
  72
  73         struct hci_dev *hdev;
  74
  75         spinlock_t lock;                /* For serializing operations */
  76
  77         struct sk_buff_head txq;
  78         unsigned long tx_state;
  79
  80         unsigned long rx_state;
  81         unsigned long rx_count;
  82         struct sk_buff *rx_skb;
  83 } bt3c_info_t;
  84
  85
  86 static int bt3c_config(struct pcmcia_device *link);
  87 static void bt3c_release(struct pcmcia_device *link);
  88
  89 static void bt3c_detach(struct pcmcia_device *p_dev);
  90
  91
  92 /* Transmit states  */
  93 #define XMIT_SENDING  1
  94 #define XMIT_WAKEUP   2
  95 #define XMIT_WAITING  8
  96
  97 /* Receiver states */
  98 #define RECV_WAIT_PACKET_TYPE   0
  99 #define RECV_WAIT_EVENT_HEADER  1
 100 #define RECV_WAIT_ACL_HEADER    2
 101 #define RECV_WAIT_SCO_HEADER    3
 102 #define RECV_WAIT_DATA          4
 103
 104
 105
 106 /* ======================== Special I/O functions ======================== */
 107
 108
 109 #define DATA_L   0
 110 #define DATA_H   1
 111 #define ADDR_L   2
 112 #define ADDR_H   3
 113 #define CONTROL  4
 114
 115
 116 static inline void bt3c_address(unsigned int iobase, unsigned short addr)
 117 {
 118         outb(addr & 0xff, iobase + ADDR_L);
 119         outb((addr >> 8) & 0xff, iobase + ADDR_H);
 120 }
 121
 122
 123 static inline void bt3c_put(unsigned int iobase, unsigned short value)
 124 {
 125         outb(value & 0xff, iobase + DATA_L);
 126         outb((value >> 8) & 0xff, iobase + DATA_H);
 127 }
 128
 129
 130 static inline void bt3c_io_write(unsigned int iobase, unsigned short addr, unsigned short value)
 131 {
 132         bt3c_address(iobase, addr);
 133         bt3c_put(iobase, value);
 134 }
 135
 136
 137 static inline unsigned short bt3c_get(unsigned int iobase)
 138 {
 139         unsigned short value = inb(iobase + DATA_L);
 140
 141         value |= inb(iobase + DATA_H) << 8;
 142
 143         return value;
 144 }
 145
 146
 147 static inline unsigned short bt3c_read(unsigned int iobase, unsigned short addr)
 148 {
 149         bt3c_address(iobase, addr);
 150
 151         return bt3c_get(iobase);
 152 }
 153
 154
 155
 156 /* ======================== Interrupt handling ======================== */
 157
 158
 159 static int bt3c_write(unsigned int iobase, int fifo_size, __u8 *buf, int len)
 160 {
 161         int actual = 0;
 162
 163         bt3c_address(iobase, 0x7080);
 164
 165         /* Fill FIFO with current frame */
 166         while (actual < len) {
 167                 /* Transmit next byte */
 168                 bt3c_put(iobase, buf[actual]);
 169                 actual++;
 170         }
 171
 172         bt3c_io_write(iobase, 0x7005, actual);
 173
 174         return actual;
 175 }
 176
 177
 178 static void bt3c_write_wakeup(bt3c_info_t *info)
 179 {
 180         if (!info) {
 181                 BT_ERR("Unknown device");
 182                 return;
 183         }
 184
 185         if (test_and_set_bit(XMIT_SENDING, &(info->tx_state)))
 186                 return;
 187
 188         do {
 189                 unsigned int iobase = info->p_dev->resource[0]->start;
 190                 register struct sk_buff *skb;
 191                 int len;
 192
 193                 if (!pcmcia_dev_present(info->p_dev))
 194                         break;
 195
 196
 197                 if (!(skb = skb_dequeue(&(info->txq)))) {
 198                         clear_bit(XMIT_SENDING, &(info->tx_state));
 199                         break;
 200                 }
 201
 202                 /* Send frame */
 203                 len = bt3c_write(iobase, 256, skb->data, skb->len);
 204
 205                 if (len != skb->len) {
 206                         BT_ERR("Very strange");
 207                 }
 208
 209                 kfree_skb(skb);
 210
 211                 info->hdev->stat.byte_tx += len;
 212
 213         } while (0);
 214 }
 215
 216
 217 static void bt3c_receive(bt3c_info_t *info)
 218 {
 219         unsigned int iobase;
 220         int size = 0, avail;
 221
 222         if (!info) {
 223                 BT_ERR("Unknown device");
 224                 return;
 225         }
 226
 227         iobase = info->p_dev->resource[0]->start;
 228
 229         avail = bt3c_read(iobase, 0x7006);
 230         //printk("bt3c_cs: receiving %d bytes\n", avail);
 231
 232         bt3c_address(iobase, 0x7480);
 233         while (size < avail) {
 234                 size++;
 235                 info->hdev->stat.byte_rx++;
 236
 237                 /* Allocate packet */
 238                 if (info->rx_skb == NULL) {
 239                         info->rx_state = RECV_WAIT_PACKET_TYPE;
 240                         info->rx_count = 0;
 241                         if (!(info->rx_skb = bt_skb_alloc(HCI_MAX_FRAME_SIZE, GFP_ATOMIC))) {
 242                                 BT_ERR("Can't allocate mem for new packet");
 243                                 return;
 244                         }
 245                 }
 246
 247
 248                 if (info->rx_state == RECV_WAIT_PACKET_TYPE) {
 249
 250                         bt_cb(info->rx_skb)->pkt_type = inb(iobase + DATA_L);
 251                         inb(iobase + DATA_H);
 252                         //printk("bt3c: PACKET_TYPE=%02x\n", bt_cb(info->rx_skb)->pkt_type);
 253
 254                         switch (bt_cb(info->rx_skb)->pkt_type) {
 255
 256                         case HCI_EVENT_PKT:
 257                                 info->rx_state = RECV_WAIT_EVENT_HEADER;
 258                                 info->rx_count = HCI_EVENT_HDR_SIZE;
 259                                 break;
 260
 261                         case HCI_ACLDATA_PKT:
 262                                 info->rx_state = RECV_WAIT_ACL_HEADER;
 263                                 info->rx_count = HCI_ACL_HDR_SIZE;
 264                                 break;
 265
 266                         case HCI_SCODATA_PKT:
 267                                 info->rx_state = RECV_WAIT_SCO_HEADER;
 268                                 info->rx_count = HCI_SCO_HDR_SIZE;
 269                                 break;
 270
 271                         default:
 272                                 /* Unknown packet */
 273                                 BT_ERR("Unknown HCI packet with type 0x%02x received", bt_cb(info->rx_skb)->pkt_type);
 274                                 info->hdev->stat.err_rx++;
 275                                 clear_bit(HCI_RUNNING, &(info->hdev->flags));
 276
 277                                 kfree_skb(info->rx_skb);
 278                                 info->rx_skb = NULL;
 279                                 break;
 280
 281                         }
 282
 283                 } else {
 284
 285                         __u8 x = inb(iobase + DATA_L);
 286
 287                         *skb_put(info->rx_skb, 1) = x;
 288                         inb(iobase + DATA_H);
 289                         info->rx_count--;
 290
 291                         if (info->rx_count == 0) {
 292
 293                                 int dlen;
 294                                 struct hci_event_hdr *eh;
 295                                 struct hci_acl_hdr *ah;
 296                                 struct hci_sco_hdr *sh;
 297
 298                                 switch (info->rx_state) {
 299
 300                                 case RECV_WAIT_EVENT_HEADER:
 301                                         eh = hci_event_hdr(info->rx_skb);
 302                                         info->rx_state = RECV_WAIT_DATA;
 303                                         info->rx_count = eh->plen;
 304                                         break;
 305
 306                                 case RECV_WAIT_ACL_HEADER:
 307                                         ah = hci_acl_hdr(info->rx_skb);
 308                                         dlen = __le16_to_cpu(ah->dlen);
 309                                         info->rx_state = RECV_WAIT_DATA;
 310                                         info->rx_count = dlen;
 311                                         break;
 312
 313                                 case RECV_WAIT_SCO_HEADER:
 314                                         sh = hci_sco_hdr(info->rx_skb);
 315                                         info->rx_state = RECV_WAIT_DATA;
 316                                         info->rx_count = sh->dlen;
 317                                         break;
 318
 319                                 case RECV_WAIT_DATA:
 320                                         hci_recv_frame(info->hdev, info->rx_skb);
 321                                         info->rx_skb = NULL;
 322                                         break;
 323
 324                                 }
 325
 326                         }
 327
 328                 }
 329
 330         }
 331
 332         bt3c_io_write(iobase, 0x7006, 0x0000);
 333 }
 334
 335
 336 static irqreturn_t bt3c_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_inst)
 337 {
 338         bt3c_info_t *info = dev_inst;
 339         unsigned int iobase;
 340         int iir;
 341         irqreturn_t r = IRQ_NONE;
 342
 343         if (!info || !info->hdev)
 344                 /* our irq handler is shared */
 345                 return IRQ_NONE;
 346
 347         iobase = info->p_dev->resource[0]->start;
 348
 349         spin_lock(&(info->lock));
 350
 351         iir = inb(iobase + CONTROL);
 352         if (iir & 0x80) {
 353                 int stat = bt3c_read(iobase, 0x7001);
 354
 355                 if ((stat & 0xff) == 0x7f) {
 356                         BT_ERR("Very strange (stat=0x%04x)", stat);
 357                 } else if ((stat & 0xff) != 0xff) {
 358                         if (stat & 0x0020) {
 359                                 int status = bt3c_read(iobase, 0x7002) & 0x10;
 360                                 BT_INFO("%s: Antenna %s", info->hdev->name,
 361                                                         status ? "out" : "in");
 362                         }
 363                         if (stat & 0x0001)
 364                                 bt3c_receive(info);
 365                         if (stat & 0x0002) {
 366                                 //BT_ERR("Ack (stat=0x%04x)", stat);
 367                                 clear_bit(XMIT_SENDING, &(info->tx_state));
 368                                 bt3c_write_wakeup(info);
 369                         }
 370
 371                         bt3c_io_write(iobase, 0x7001, 0x0000);
 372
 373                         outb(iir, iobase + CONTROL);
 374                 }
 375                 r = IRQ_HANDLED;
 376         }
 377
 378         spin_unlock(&(info->lock));
 379
 380         return r;
 381 }
 382
 383
 384
 385 /* ======================== HCI interface ======================== */
 386
 387
 388 static int bt3c_hci_flush(struct hci_dev *hdev)
 389 {
 390         bt3c_info_t *info = hci_get_drvdata(hdev);
 391
 392         /* Drop TX queue */
 393         skb_queue_purge(&(info->txq));
 394
 395         return 0;
 396 }
 397
 398
 399 static int bt3c_hci_open(struct hci_dev *hdev)
 400 {
 401         set_bit(HCI_RUNNING, &(hdev->flags));
 402
 403         return 0;
 404 }
 405
 406
 407 static int bt3c_hci_close(struct hci_dev *hdev)
 408 {
 409         if (!test_and_clear_bit(HCI_RUNNING, &(hdev->flags)))
 410                 return 0;
 411
 412         bt3c_hci_flush(hdev);
 413
 414         return 0;
 415 }
 416
 417
 418 static int bt3c_hci_send_frame(struct hci_dev *hdev, struct sk_buff *skb)
 419 {
 420         bt3c_info_t *info = hci_get_drvdata(hdev);
 421         unsigned long flags;
 422
 423         switch (bt_cb(skb)->pkt_type) {
 424         case HCI_COMMAND_PKT:
 425                 hdev->stat.cmd_tx++;
 426                 break;
 427         case HCI_ACLDATA_PKT:
 428                 hdev->stat.acl_tx++;
 429                 break;
 430         case HCI_SCODATA_PKT:
 431                 hdev->stat.sco_tx++;
 432                 break;
 433         };
 434
 435         /* Prepend skb with frame type */
 436         memcpy(skb_push(skb, 1), &bt_cb(skb)->pkt_type, 1);
 437         skb_queue_tail(&(info->txq), skb);
 438
 439         spin_lock_irqsave(&(info->lock), flags);
 440
 441         bt3c_write_wakeup(info);
 442
 443         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&(info->lock), flags);
 444
 445         return 0;
 446 }
 447
 448
 449
 450 /* ======================== Card services HCI interaction ======================== */
 451
 452
 453 static int bt3c_load_firmware(bt3c_info_t *info, const unsigned char *firmware,
 454                               int count)
 455 {
 456         char *ptr = (char *) firmware;
 457         char b[9];
 458         unsigned int iobase, size, addr, fcs, tmp;
 459         int i, err = 0;
 460
 461         iobase = info->p_dev->resource[0]->start;
 462
 463         /* Reset */
 464         bt3c_io_write(iobase, 0x8040, 0x0404);
 465         bt3c_io_write(iobase, 0x8040, 0x0400);
 466
 467         udelay(1);
 468
 469         bt3c_io_write(iobase, 0x8040, 0x0404);
 470
 471         udelay(17);
 472
 473         /* Load */
 474         while (count) {
 475                 if (ptr[0] != 'S') {
 476                         BT_ERR("Bad address in firmware");
 477                         err = -EFAULT;
 478                         goto error;
 479                 }
 480
 481                 memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
 482                 memcpy(b, ptr + 2, 2);
 483                 size = simple_strtoul(b, NULL, 16);
 484
 485                 memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
 486                 memcpy(b, ptr + 4, 8);
 487                 addr = simple_strtoul(b, NULL, 16);
 488
 489                 memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
 490                 memcpy(b, ptr + (size * 2) + 2, 2);
 491                 fcs = simple_strtoul(b, NULL, 16);
 492
 493                 memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
 494                 for (tmp = 0, i = 0; i < size; i++) {
 495                         memcpy(b, ptr + (i * 2) + 2, 2);
 496                         tmp += simple_strtol(b, NULL, 16);
 497                 }
 498
 499                 if (((tmp + fcs) & 0xff) != 0xff) {
 500                         BT_ERR("Checksum error in firmware");
 501                         err = -EILSEQ;
 502                         goto error;
 503                 }
 504
 505                 if (ptr[1] == '3') {
 506                         bt3c_address(iobase, addr);
 507
 508                         memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
 509                         for (i = 0; i < (size - 4) / 2; i++) {
 510                                 memcpy(b, ptr + (i * 4) + 12, 4);
 511                                 tmp = simple_strtoul(b, NULL, 16);
 512                                 bt3c_put(iobase, tmp);
 513                         }
 514                 }
 515
 516                 ptr   += (size * 2) + 6;
 517                 count -= (size * 2) + 6;
 518         }
 519
 520         udelay(17);
 521
 522         /* Boot */
 523         bt3c_address(iobase, 0x3000);
 524         outb(inb(iobase + CONTROL) | 0x40, iobase + CONTROL);
 525
 526 error:
 527         udelay(17);
 528
 529         /* Clear */
 530         bt3c_io_write(iobase, 0x7006, 0x0000);
 531         bt3c_io_write(iobase, 0x7005, 0x0000);
 532         bt3c_io_write(iobase, 0x7001, 0x0000);
 533
 534         return err;
 535 }
 536
 537
 538 static int bt3c_open(bt3c_info_t *info)
 539 {
 540         const struct firmware *firmware;
 541         struct hci_dev *hdev;
 542         int err;
 543
 544         spin_lock_init(&(info->lock));
 545
 546         skb_queue_head_init(&(info->txq));
 547
 548         info->rx_state = RECV_WAIT_PACKET_TYPE;
 549         info->rx_count = 0;
 550         info->rx_skb = NULL;
 551
 552         /* Initialize HCI device */
 553         hdev = hci_alloc_dev();
 554         if (!hdev) {
 555                 BT_ERR("Can't allocate HCI device");
 556                 return -ENOMEM;
 557         }
 558
 559         info->hdev = hdev;
 560
 561         hdev->bus = HCI_PCCARD;
 562         hci_set_drvdata(hdev, info);
 563         SET_HCIDEV_DEV(hdev, &info->p_dev->dev);
 564
 565         hdev->open  = bt3c_hci_open;
 566         hdev->close = bt3c_hci_close;
 567         hdev->flush = bt3c_hci_flush;
 568         hdev->send  = bt3c_hci_send_frame;
 569
 570         /* Load firmware */
 571         err = request_firmware(&firmware, "BT3CPCC.bin", &info->p_dev->dev);
 572         if (err < 0) {
 573                 BT_ERR("Firmware request failed");
 574                 goto error;
 575         }
 576
 577         err = bt3c_load_firmware(info, firmware->data, firmware->size);
 578
 579         release_firmware(firmware);
 580
 581         if (err < 0) {
 582                 BT_ERR("Firmware loading failed");
 583                 goto error;
 584         }
 585
 586         /* Timeout before it is safe to send the first HCI packet */
 587         msleep(1000);
 588
 589         /* Register HCI device */
 590         err = hci_register_dev(hdev);
 591         if (err < 0) {
 592                 BT_ERR("Can't register HCI device");
 593                 goto error;
 594         }
 595
 596         return 0;
 597
 598 error:
 599         info->hdev = NULL;
 600         hci_free_dev(hdev);
 601         return err;
 602 }
 603
 604
 605 static int bt3c_close(bt3c_info_t *info)
 606 {
 607         struct hci_dev *hdev = info->hdev;
 608
 609         if (!hdev)
 610                 return -ENODEV;
 611
 612         bt3c_hci_close(hdev);
 613
 614         hci_unregister_dev(hdev);
 615         hci_free_dev(hdev);
 616
 617         return 0;
 618 }
 619
 620 static int bt3c_probe(struct pcmcia_device *link)
 621 {
 622         bt3c_info_t *info;
 623
 624         /* Create new info device */
 625         info = devm_kzalloc(&link->dev, sizeof(*info), GFP_KERNEL);
 626         if (!info)
 627                 return -ENOMEM;
 628
 629         info->p_dev = link;
 630         link->priv = info;
 631
 632         link->config_flags |= CONF_ENABLE_IRQ | CONF_AUTO_SET_VPP |
 633                 CONF_AUTO_SET_IO;
 634
 635         return bt3c_config(link);
 636 }
 637
 638
 639 static void bt3c_detach(struct pcmcia_device *link)
 640 {
 641         bt3c_release(link);
 642 }
 643
 644 static int bt3c_check_config(struct pcmcia_device *p_dev, void *priv_data)
 645 {
 646         int *try = priv_data;
 647
 648         if (!try)
 649                 p_dev->io_lines = 16;
 650
 651         if ((p_dev->resource[0]->end != 8) || (p_dev->resource[0]->start == 0))
 652                 return -EINVAL;
 653
 654         p_dev->resource[0]->end = 8;
 655         p_dev->resource[0]->flags &= ~IO_DATA_PATH_WIDTH;
 656         p_dev->resource[0]->flags |= IO_DATA_PATH_WIDTH_8;
 657
 658         return pcmcia_request_io(p_dev);
 659 }
 660
 661 static int bt3c_check_config_notpicky(struct pcmcia_device *p_dev,
 662                                       void *priv_data)
 663 {
 664         static unsigned int base[5] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8, 0x0 };
 665         int j;
 666
 667         if (p_dev->io_lines > 3)
 668                 return -ENODEV;
 669
 670         p_dev->resource[0]->flags &= ~IO_DATA_PATH_WIDTH;
 671         p_dev->resource[0]->flags |= IO_DATA_PATH_WIDTH_8;
 672         p_dev->resource[0]->end = 8;
 673
 674         for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
 675                 p_dev->resource[0]->start = base[j];
 676                 p_dev->io_lines = base[j] ? 16 : 3;
 677                 if (!pcmcia_request_io(p_dev))
 678                         return 0;
 679         }
 680         return -ENODEV;
 681 }
 682
 683 static int bt3c_config(struct pcmcia_device *link)
 684 {
 685         bt3c_info_t *info = link->priv;
 686         int i;
 687         unsigned long try;
 688
 689         /* First pass: look for a config entry that looks normal.
 690            Two tries: without IO aliases, then with aliases */
 691         for (try = 0; try < 2; try++)
 692                 if (!pcmcia_loop_config(link, bt3c_check_config, (void *) try))
 693                         goto found_port;
 694
 695         /* Second pass: try to find an entry that isn't picky about
 696            its base address, then try to grab any standard serial port
 697            address, and finally try to get any free port. */
 698         if (!pcmcia_loop_config(link, bt3c_check_config_notpicky, NULL))
 699                 goto found_port;
 700
 701         BT_ERR("No usable port range found");
 702         goto failed;
 703
 704 found_port:
 705         i = pcmcia_request_irq(link, &bt3c_interrupt);
 706         if (i != 0)
 707                 goto failed;
 708
 709         i = pcmcia_enable_device(link);
 710         if (i != 0)
 711                 goto failed;
 712
 713         if (bt3c_open(info) != 0)
 714                 goto failed;
 715
 716         return 0;
 717
 718 failed:
 719         bt3c_release(link);
 720         return -ENODEV;
 721 }
 722
 723
 724 static void bt3c_release(struct pcmcia_device *link)
 725 {
 726         bt3c_info_t *info = link->priv;
 727
 728         bt3c_close(info);
 729
 730         pcmcia_disable_device(link);
 731 }
 732
 733
 734 static const struct pcmcia_device_id bt3c_ids[] = {
 735         PCMCIA_DEVICE_PROD_ID13("3COM", "Bluetooth PC Card", 0xefce0a31, 0xd4ce9b02),
 736         PCMCIA_DEVICE_NULL
 737 };
 738 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pcmcia, bt3c_ids);
 739
 740 static struct pcmcia_driver bt3c_driver = {
 741         .owner          = THIS_MODULE,
 742         .name           = "bt3c_cs",
 743         .probe          = bt3c_probe,
 744         .remove         = bt3c_detach,
 745         .id_table       = bt3c_ids,
 746 };
 747 module_pcmcia_driver(bt3c_driver);