Operating systems, GNU and free software.

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 * DMA
 
 # Operating System
+
+# Extended machine
+
+* Software layer providing abstraction
+* Examples:
+       - Filesystem instead of disk drive
+       - Virtual memory and transparent swap instead of overlays
+
+# Resources Manager
+
+* CPU Manager
+* Memory Manager
+* Devices Manager
+
+# Process Management
+
+* Scheduling
+* Concurrency
+* Inter-process communication
+
+# Memory Management
+
+* Virtual Memory
+* Memory allocation
+* Memory hierarchy ("secondary" memory or storage)
+
+# I/O
+
+* Access protection
+* Sharing
+* Abstraction
+
+# Others
+
+* Filesystem
+* Network
+
+# Mechanism and policy
+
+* Provide mechanism in kernel space
+* Allow policy to user space
+
+# Unix, GNU, Linux and POSIX
+
+# History
+
+* MULTICS
+* Ken Thompson and Unix
+* Dennis Ritchie and C language
+* Berkeley Unix
+* Unix Wars
+* RMS and GNU Project
+* Minix
+* Linux and GNU
+
+# Architecture
+
+* toolchain: GNU
+* kernel: Linux
+* libc: GNU libc
+* loader: GNU
+* shell: GNU bash
+* utils: GNU coreutils
+* System: GNU + Linux
+* Other systems: *BSD, OpenSolaris, etc
+
+# Systems using Linux
+
+* toolchain is always GNU
+       - Intel CC and tcc build Linux, but their use is unknown
+* libc: uclibc, dietlibc, eglibc, others...
+* busybox
+
+# GNU systems
+
+* Most systems are GNU + Linux
+* GNU Hurd
+* Debian GNU/kFreeBSD
+
+# Standards
+
+* man standards
+* Unix V7
+* 4.[234]BSD
+* System V
+* SVr[234]
+* C
+* POSIX
+* XPG
+* SUS
+
+# Free software
+
+# Intellectual Rights
+
+* Copyright
+* "Author right"
+* Patents
+* Trademark
+* Trade Secret
+
+# RMS and FSF
+
+* The GNU Manifesto
+* Free Software Foundation
+* Copyleft
+
+# Copyleft
+
+* Public Domain allows changes to be non-free
+* The author may give permissions through licenses
+* The license may request conditions on distribution
+* A copyleft license requires the work to be kept free
+* The GPL
+
+# GPL version 2
+
+* Allows use
+* Allows source code redistribution, including a fee
+* Allows modifications and their distribution on the condition that they are
+  marked as so and licensed as GPL too
+* Allows distribution of binaries, when source code access is still possible
+* Does not allow further restrictions
+
+# Myths
+
+* The GPL requires the software to be free as in "free beer" - FALSE
+* The GPL requires modifications to be published - FALSE
+* The GPL requires all my code to be GPL - FALSE
+
+# License compatibility
+
+* All requirements must be satisfied simultaneously
+* The GPL does not allow further requirements
+* You can only combine GPL code with code licensed with no restrictions besides
+  those in the GPL