3 Index of Documentation for People Interested in Writing and/or Understanding the Linux Kernel
4 =============================================================================================
6 Juan-Mariano de Goyeneche <jmseyas@dit.upm.es>
8 The need for a document like this one became apparent in the
9 linux-kernel mailing list as the same questions, asking for pointers
10 to information, appeared again and again.
12 Fortunately, as more and more people get to GNU/Linux, more and more
13 get interested in the Kernel. But reading the sources is not always
14 enough. It is easy to understand the code, but miss the concepts, the
15 philosophy and design decisions behind this code.
17 Unfortunately, not many documents are available for beginners to
18 start. And, even if they exist, there was no "well-known" place which
19 kept track of them. These lines try to cover this lack. All documents
20 available on line known by the author are listed, while some reference
21 books are also mentioned.
23 PLEASE, if you know any paper not listed here or write a new document,
24 send me an e-mail, and I'll include a reference to it here. Any
25 corrections, ideas or comments are also welcomed.
27 The papers that follow are listed in no particular order. All are
28 cataloged with the following fields: the document's "Title", the
29 "Author"/s, the "URL" where they can be found, some "Keywords" helpful
30 when searching for specific topics, and a brief "Description" of the
38 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition**
40 :Author: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman
41 :URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
42 :Description: A 600-page book covering the (2.6.10) driver
43 programming API and kernel hacking in general. Available under the
44 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.
45 :note: You can also :ref:`purchase a copy from O'Reilly or elsewhere <ldd3_published>`.
47 * Title: **The Linux Kernel**
49 :Author: David A. Rusling.
50 :URL: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/tlk/tlk.html
51 :Keywords: everything!, book.
52 :Description: On line, 200 pages book describing most aspects of
53 the Linux Kernel. Probably, the first reference for beginners.
54 Lots of illustrations explaining data structures use and
55 relationships in the purest Richard W. Stevens' style. Contents:
56 "1.-Hardware Basics, 2.-Software Basics, 3.-Memory Management,
57 4.-Processes, 5.-Interprocess Communication Mechanisms, 6.-PCI,
58 7.-Interrupts and Interrupt Handling, 8.-Device Drivers, 9.-The
59 File system, 10.-Networks, 11.-Kernel Mechanisms, 12.-Modules,
60 13.-The Linux Kernel Sources, A.-Linux Data Structures, B.-The
61 Alpha AXP Processor, C.-Useful Web and FTP Sites, D.-The GNU
62 General Public License, Glossary". In short: a must have.
64 * Title: **Conceptual Architecture of the Linux Kernel**
66 :Author: Ivan T. Bowman.
67 :URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/
68 :Keywords: conceptual software architecture, extracted design,
69 reverse engineering, system structure.
70 :Description: Conceptual software architecture of the Linux kernel,
71 automatically extracted from the source code. Very detailed. Good
72 figures. Gives good overall kernel understanding.
74 * Title: **Concrete Architecture of the Linux Kernel**
76 :Author: Ivan T. Bowman, Saheem Siddiqi, and Meyer C. Tanuan.
77 :URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/
78 :Keywords: concrete architecture, extracted design, reverse
79 engineering, system structure, dependencies.
80 :Description: Concrete architecture of the Linux kernel,
81 automatically extracted from the source code. Very detailed. Good
82 figures. Gives good overall kernel understanding. This papers
83 focus on lower details than its predecessor (files, variables...).
85 * Title: **Linux as a Case Study: Its Extracted Software Architecture**
87 :Author: Ivan T. Bowman, Richard C. Holt and Neil V. Brewster.
88 :URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/
89 :Keywords: software architecture, architecture recovery,
91 :Description: Paper appeared at ICSE'99, Los Angeles, May 16-22,
92 1999. A mixture of the previous two documents from the same
95 * Title: **Overview of the Virtual File System**
97 :Author: Richard Gooch.
98 :URL: http://www.mjmwired.net/kernel/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
99 :Keywords: VFS, File System, mounting filesystems, opening files,
101 :Description: Brief introduction to the Linux Virtual File System.
102 What is it, how it works, operations taken when opening a file or
103 mounting a file system and description of important data
104 structures explaining the purpose of each of their entries.
106 * Title: **The Linux RAID-1, 4, 5 Code**
108 :Author: Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman and Miguel de Icaza.
109 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2391
110 :Keywords: RAID, MD driver.
111 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
112 :Abstract: *A description of the implementation of the RAID-1,
113 RAID-4 and RAID-5 personalities of the MD device driver in the
114 Linux kernel, providing users with high performance and reliable,
115 secondary-storage capability using software*.
117 * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Modularized Device Drivers**
119 :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
120 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1219
121 :Keywords: device driver, module, loading/unloading modules,
122 allocating resources.
123 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
124 :Abstract: *This is the first of a series of four articles
125 co-authored by Alessandro Rubini and Georg Zezchwitz which present
126 a practical approach to writing Linux device drivers as kernel
127 loadable modules. This installment presents an introduction to the
128 topic, preparing the reader to understand next month's
131 * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Discovery**
133 :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
134 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1220
135 :Keywords: character driver, init_module, clean_up module,
136 autodetection, mayor number, minor number, file operations,
138 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
139 :Abstract: *This article, the second of four, introduces part of
140 the actual code to create custom module implementing a character
141 device driver. It describes the code for module initialization and
142 cleanup, as well as the open() and close() system calls*.
144 * Title: **On submitting kernel Patches**
147 :URL: http://halobates.de/on-submitting-kernel-patches.pdf
148 :Keywords: patches, review process, types of submissions, basic rules, case studies
149 :Description: This paper gives several experience values on what types of patches
150 there are and how likley they get merged.
152 [...]. This paper examines some common problems for
153 submitting larger changes and some strategies to avoid problems.
155 * Title: **Tracing the Way of Data in a TCP Connection through the Linux Kernel**
156 :Author: Richard Sailer
157 :URL: https://archive.org/details/linux_kernel_data_flow_short_paper
158 :Keywords: Linux Kernel Networking, TCP, tracing, ftrace
159 :Description: A seminar paper explaining ftrace and how to use it for
160 understanding linux kernel internals,
161 illustrated at tracing the way of a TCP packet through the kernel.
162 :Abstract: *This short paper outlines the usage of ftrace a tracing framework
163 as a tool to understand a running Linux system.
164 Having obtained a trace-log a kernel hacker can read and understand
165 source code more determined and with context.
166 In a detailed example this approach is demonstrated in tracing
167 and the way of data in a TCP Connection through the kernel.
168 Finally this trace-log is used as base for more a exact conceptual
169 exploration and description of the Linux TCP/IP implementation.*
171 * Title: **The Devil's in the Details**
173 :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz and Alessandro Rubini.
174 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1221
175 :Keywords: read(), write(), select(), ioctl(), blocking/non
176 blocking mode, interrupt handler.
177 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
178 :Abstract: *This article, the third of four on writing character
179 device drivers, introduces concepts of reading, writing, and using
182 * Title: **Dissecting Interrupts and Browsing DMA**
184 :Author: Alessandro Rubini and Georg v. Zezschwitz.
185 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1222
186 :Keywords: interrupts, irqs, DMA, bottom halves, task queues.
187 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
188 :Abstract: *This is the fourth in a series of articles about
189 writing character device drivers as loadable kernel modules. This
190 month, we further investigate the field of interrupt handling.
191 Though it is conceptually simple, practical limitations and
192 constraints make this an ''interesting'' part of device driver
193 writing, and several different facilities have been provided for
194 different situations. We also investigate the complex topic of
197 * Title: **Device Drivers Concluded**
199 :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz.
200 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1287
201 :Keywords: address spaces, pages, pagination, page management,
202 demand loading, swapping, memory protection, memory mapping, mmap,
203 virtual memory areas (VMAs), vremap, PCI.
204 :Description: Finally, the above turned out into a five articles
205 series. This latest one's introduction reads: "This is the last of
206 five articles about character device drivers. In this final
207 section, Georg deals with memory mapping devices, beginning with
208 an overall description of the Linux memory management concepts".
210 * Title: **Network Buffers And Memory Management**
213 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1312
214 :Keywords: sk_buffs, network devices, protocol/link layer
215 variables, network devices flags, transmit, receive,
216 configuration, multicast.
217 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner.
218 :Abstract: *Writing a network device driver for Linux is fundamentally
219 simple---most of the complexity (other than talking to the
220 hardware) involves managing network packets in memory*.
222 * Title: **Linux Kernel Hackers' Guide**
224 :Author: Michael K. Johnson.
225 :URL: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/khg/HyperNews/get/khg.html
226 :Keywords: device drivers, files, VFS, kernel interface, character vs
227 block devices, hardware interrupts, scsi, DMA, access to user memory,
228 memory allocation, timers.
229 :Description: A guide designed to help you get up to speed on the
230 concepts that are not intuitevly obvious, and to document the internal
233 * Title: **The Venus kernel interface**
235 :Author: Peter J. Braam.
236 :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/html/kernel-venus-protocol.html
237 :Keywords: coda, filesystem, venus, cache manager.
238 :Description: "This document describes the communication between
239 Venus and kernel level file system code needed for the operation
240 of the Coda filesystem. This version document is meant to describe
241 the current interface (version 1.0) as well as improvements we
244 * Title: **Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem**
246 :Author: Rémy Card, Theodore Ts'o, Stephen Tweedie.
247 :URL: http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/ext2intro.html
248 :Keywords: ext2, linux fs history, inode, directory, link, devices,
249 VFS, physical structure, performance, benchmarks, ext2fs library,
250 ext2fs tools, e2fsck.
251 :Description: Paper written by three of the top ext2 hackers.
252 Covers Linux filesystems history, ext2 motivation, ext2 features,
253 design, physical structure on disk, performance, benchmarks,
254 e2fsck's passes description... A must read!
255 :Notes: This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the
256 First Dutch International Symposium on Linux, ISBN 90-367-0385-9.
258 * Title: **Analysis of the Ext2fs structure**
260 :Author: Louis-Dominique Dubeau.
261 :URL: http://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS2002/fs-ext2/
262 :Keywords: ext2, filesystem, ext2fs.
263 :Description: Description of ext2's blocks, directories, inodes,
264 bitmaps, invariants...
266 * Title: **Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide**
268 :Author: Ori Pomerantz.
269 :URL: http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/index.html
270 :Keywords: modules, GPL book, /proc, ioctls, system calls,
272 :Description: Very nice 92 pages GPL book on the topic of modules
273 programming. Lots of examples.
275 * Title: **I/O Event Handling Under Linux**
277 :Author: Richard Gooch.
278 :Keywords: IO, I/O, select(2), poll(2), FDs, aio_read(2), readiness
280 :Description: From the Introduction: "I/O Event handling is about
281 how your Operating System allows you to manage a large number of
282 open files (file descriptors in UNIX/POSIX, or FDs) in your
283 application. You want the OS to notify you when FDs become active
284 (have data ready to be read or are ready for writing). Ideally you
285 want a mechanism that is scalable. This means a large number of
286 inactive FDs cost very little in memory and CPU time to manage".
288 * Title: **The Kernel Hacking HOWTO**
290 :Author: Various Talented People, and Rusty.
291 :Location: in kernel tree, Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl
292 (must be built as "make {htmldocs | psdocs | pdfdocs})
293 :Keywords: HOWTO, kernel contexts, deadlock, locking, modules,
294 symbols, return conventions.
295 :Description: From the Introduction: "Please understand that I
296 never wanted to write this document, being grossly underqualified,
297 but I always wanted to read it, and this was the only way. I
298 simply explain some best practices, and give reading entry-points
299 into the kernel sources. I avoid implementation details: that's
300 what the code is for, and I ignore whole tracts of useful
301 routines. This document assumes familiarity with C, and an
302 understanding of what the kernel is, and how it is used. It was
303 originally written for the 2.3 kernels, but nearly all of it
304 applies to 2.2 too; 2.0 is slightly different".
306 * Title: **Writing an ALSA Driver**
308 :Author: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
309 :URL: http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/index.html
310 :Keywords: ALSA, sound, soundcard, driver, lowlevel, hardware.
311 :Description: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture for developers,
312 both at kernel and user-level sides. ALSA is the Linux kernel
313 sound architecture in the 2.6 kernel version.
315 * Title: **Linux Kernel Mailing List Glossary**
318 :URL: http://kernelnewbies.org/glossary/
319 :Keywords: glossary, terms, linux-kernel.
320 :Description: From the introduction: "This glossary is intended as
321 a brief description of some of the acronyms and terms you may hear
322 during discussion of the Linux kernel".
324 * Title: **Linux Kernel Locking HOWTO**
326 :Author: Various Talented People, and Rusty.
327 :Location: in kernel tree, Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking.tmpl
328 (must be built as "make {htmldocs | psdocs | pdfdocs})
329 :Keywords: locks, locking, spinlock, semaphore, atomic, race
330 condition, bottom halves, tasklets, softirqs.
331 :Description: The title says it all: document describing the
332 locking system in the Linux Kernel either in uniprocessor or SMP
334 :Notes: "It was originally written for the later (>2.3.47) 2.3
335 kernels, but most of it applies to 2.2 too; 2.0 is slightly
336 different". Freely redistributable under the conditions of the GNU
337 General Public License.
339 * Title: **Global spinlock list and usage**
341 :Author: Rick Lindsley.
342 :URL: http://lse.sourceforge.net/lockhier/global-spin-lock
344 :Description: This is an attempt to document both the existence and
345 usage of the spinlocks in the Linux 2.4.5 kernel. Comprehensive
346 list of spinlocks showing when they are used, which functions
347 access them, how each lock is acquired, under what conditions it
348 is held, whether interrupts can occur or not while it is held...
350 * Title: **How To Make Sure Your Driver Will Work On The Power Macintosh**
352 :Author: Paul Mackerras.
353 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/261
354 :Keywords: Mac, Power Macintosh, porting, drivers, compatibility.
355 :Description: The title says it all.
357 * Title: **An Introduction to SCSI Drivers**
360 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/284
361 :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver.
362 :Description: The title says it all.
364 * Title: **Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales**
367 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/307
368 :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver, advanced.
369 :Description: The title says it all.
371 * Title: **Writing Linux Mouse Drivers**
374 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/330
375 :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm.
376 :Description: The title says it all.
378 * Title: **More on Mouse Drivers**
381 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/356
382 :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm, races, asynchronous I/O.
383 :Description: The title still says it all.
385 * Title: **Writing Video4linux Radio Driver**
388 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/381
389 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, radio, radio devices.
390 :Description: The title says it all.
392 * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 1: Video-Capture Device**
395 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/406
396 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
398 :Description: The title says it all.
400 * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 2: Video-capture Devices**
403 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/429
404 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
405 camera driver, control, query capabilities, capability, facility.
406 :Description: The title says it all.
408 * Title: **Linux IP Networking. A Guide to the Implementation and Modification of the Linux Protocol Stack.**
410 :Author: Glenn Herrin.
411 :URL: http://www.cs.unh.edu/cnrg/gherrin
412 :Keywords: network, networking, protocol, IP, UDP, TCP, connection,
413 socket, receiving, transmitting, forwarding, routing, packets,
414 modules, /proc, sk_buff, FIB, tags.
415 :Description: Excellent paper devoted to the Linux IP Networking,
416 explaining anything from the kernel's to the user space
417 configuration tools' code. Very good to get a general overview of
418 the kernel networking implementation and understand all steps
419 packets follow from the time they are received at the network
420 device till they are delivered to applications. The studied kernel
421 code is from 2.2.14 version. Provides code for a working packet
424 * Title: **Linux PCMCIA Programmer's Guide**
426 :Author: David Hinds.
427 :URL: http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-PROG.html
429 :Description: "This document describes how to write kernel device
430 drivers for the Linux PCMCIA Card Services interface. It also
431 describes how to write user-mode utilities for communicating with
434 * Title: **A Linux vm README**
436 :Author: Kanoj Sarcar.
437 :URL: http://kos.enix.org/pub/linux-vmm.html
438 :Keywords: virtual memory, mm, pgd, vma, page, page flags, page
439 cache, swap cache, kswapd.
440 :Description: Telegraphic, short descriptions and definitions
441 relating the Linux virtual memory implementation.
443 * Title: **(nearly) Complete Linux Loadable Kernel Modules. The definitive guide for hackers, virus coders and system administrators.**
445 :Author: pragmatic/THC.
446 :URL: http://packetstormsecurity.org/docs/hack/LKM_HACKING.html
447 :Keywords: syscalls, intercept, hide, abuse, symbol table.
448 :Description: Interesting paper on how to abuse the Linux kernel in
449 order to intercept and modify syscalls, make
450 files/directories/processes invisible, become root, hijack ttys,
451 write kernel modules based virus... and solutions for admins to
452 avoid all those abuses.
453 :Notes: For 2.0.x kernels. Gives guidances to port it to 2.2.x
456 .. Please keep the published books in reverse publication date
461 * Title: **Linux Treiber entwickeln**
463 :Author: Jürgen Quade, Eva-Katharina Kunst
464 :Publisher: dpunkt.verlag
465 :Date: Oct 2015 (4th edition)
467 :ISBN: 978-3-86490-288-8
468 :Note: German. The third edition from 2011 is
469 much cheaper and still quite up-to-date.
471 * Title: **Linux Kernel Networking: Implementation and Theory**
475 :Date: December 22, 2013
477 :ISBN: 978-1430261964
479 * Title: **Linux Kernel Development, 3rd Edition**
482 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
485 :ISBN: 978-0672329463
489 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition**
491 :Authors: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman
492 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
496 :Notes: Further information in
497 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive3/
498 PDF format, URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
500 * Title: **Linux Kernel Internals**
502 :Author: Michael Beck
503 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
505 :ISBN: 0-201-33143-8 (second edition)
507 * Title: **Programmation Linux 2.0 API systeme et fonctionnement du noyau**
509 :Author: Remy Card, Eric Dumas, Franck Mevel
516 * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD UNIX Operating System**
518 :Author: Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels,
520 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
524 * Title: **Unix internals -- the new frontiers**
526 :Author: Uresh Vahalia
527 :Publisher: Prentice Hall
532 * Title: **Programming for the real world - POSIX.4**
534 :Author: Bill O. Gallmeister
535 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc
539 :Notes: Though not being directly about Linux, Linux aims to be
540 POSIX. Good reference.
542 * Title: **UNIX Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers**
544 :Author: Curt Schimmel
545 :Publisher: Addison Wesley
550 * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.3 BSD UNIX Operating System**
552 :Author: Samuel J. Leffler, Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J
553 Karels, John S. Quarterman
554 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
555 :Date: 1989 (reprinted with corrections on October, 1990)
558 * Title: **The Design of the UNIX Operating System**
560 :Author: Maurice J. Bach
561 :Publisher: Prentice Hall
569 * Name: **linux/Documentation**
572 :URL: Just look inside your kernel sources.
573 :Keywords: anything, DocBook.
574 :Description: Documentation that comes with the kernel sources,
575 inside the Documentation directory. Some pages from this document
576 (including this document itself) have been moved there, and might
577 be more up to date than the web version.
579 * Name: **Linux Kernel Source Reference**
581 :Author: Thomas Graichen.
582 :URL: http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=96446640102205&w=4
583 :Keywords: CVS, web, cvsweb, browsing source code.
584 :Description: Web interface to a CVS server with the kernel
585 sources. "Here you can have a look at any file of the Linux kernel
586 sources of any version starting from 1.0 up to the (daily updated)
587 current version available. Also you can check the differences
588 between two versions of a file".
590 * Name: **Cross-Referencing Linux**
592 :URL: http://lxr.free-electrons.com/
593 :Keywords: Browsing source code.
594 :Description: Another web-based Linux kernel source code browser.
595 Lots of cross references to variables and functions. You can see
596 where they are defined and where they are used.
598 * Name: **Linux Weekly News**
601 :Keywords: latest kernel news.
602 :Description: The title says it all. There's a fixed kernel section
603 summarizing developers' work, bug fixes, new features and versions
604 produced during the week. Published every Thursday.
606 * Name: **Linux Virtual File System**
608 :Author: Peter J. Braam.
609 :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/talks/linuxvfs/
610 :Keywords: slides, VFS, inode, superblock, dentry, dcache.
611 :Description: Set of slides, presumably from a presentation on the
612 Linux VFS layer. Covers version 2.1.x, with dentries and the
615 * Name: **The home page of Linux-MM**
617 :Author: The Linux-MM team.
618 :URL: http://linux-mm.org/
619 :Keywords: memory management, Linux-MM, mm patches, TODO, docs,
621 :Description: Site devoted to Linux Memory Management development.
622 Memory related patches, HOWTOs, links, mm developers... Don't miss
623 it if you are interested in memory management development!
625 * Name: **Kernel Newbies IRC Channel and Website**
627 :URL: http://www.kernelnewbies.org
628 :Keywords: IRC, newbies, channel, asking doubts.
629 :Description: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net.
630 #kernelnewbies is an IRC network dedicated to the 'newbie'
631 kernel hacker. The audience mostly consists of people who are
632 learning about the kernel, working on kernel projects or
633 professional kernel hackers that want to help less seasoned kernel
635 #kernelnewbies is on the OFTC IRC Network.
636 Try irc.oftc.net as your server and then /join #kernelnewbies.
637 The kernelnewbies website also hosts articles, documents, FAQs...
639 * Name: **linux-kernel mailing list archives and search engines**
641 :URL: http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html
642 :URL: http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/index.html
643 :URL: http://groups.google.com/group/mlist.linux.kernel
644 :Keywords: linux-kernel, archives, search.
645 :Description: Some of the linux-kernel mailing list archivers. If
646 you have a better/another one, please let me know.
650 Document last updated on Mon 2016-Sep-19
652 This document is based on:
653 http://www.dit.upm.es/~jmseyas/linux/kernel/hackers-docs.html