3 Index of Documentation for People Interested in Writing and/or Understanding the Linux Kernel
4 =============================================================================================
6 Juan-Mariano de Goyeneche <jmseyas@dit.upm.es>
9 The latest version of this document may be found at:
10 :http://www.dit.upm.es/~jmseyas/linux/kernel/hackers-docs.html
12 The need for a document like this one became apparent in the
13 linux-kernel mailing list as the same questions, asking for pointers
14 to information, appeared again and again.
16 Fortunately, as more and more people get to GNU/Linux, more and more
17 get interested in the Kernel. But reading the sources is not always
18 enough. It is easy to understand the code, but miss the concepts, the
19 philosophy and design decisions behind this code.
21 Unfortunately, not many documents are available for beginners to
22 start. And, even if they exist, there was no "well-known" place which
23 kept track of them. These lines try to cover this lack. All documents
24 available on line known by the author are listed, while some reference
25 books are also mentioned.
27 PLEASE, if you know any paper not listed here or write a new document,
28 send me an e-mail, and I'll include a reference to it here. Any
29 corrections, ideas or comments are also welcomed.
31 The papers that follow are listed in no particular order. All are
32 cataloged with the following fields: the document's "Title", the
33 "Author"/s, the "URL" where they can be found, some "Keywords" helpful
34 when searching for specific topics, and a brief "Description" of the
42 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition**
44 :Author: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman
45 :URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
46 :Description: A 600-page book covering the (2.6.10) driver
47 programming API and kernel hacking in general. Available under the
48 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.
50 * Title: **The Linux Kernel**
52 :Author: David A. Rusling.
53 :URL: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/tlk/tlk.html
54 :Keywords: everything!, book.
55 :Description: On line, 200 pages book describing most aspects of
56 the Linux Kernel. Probably, the first reference for beginners.
57 Lots of illustrations explaining data structures use and
58 relationships in the purest Richard W. Stevens' style. Contents:
59 "1.-Hardware Basics, 2.-Software Basics, 3.-Memory Management,
60 4.-Processes, 5.-Interprocess Communication Mechanisms, 6.-PCI,
61 7.-Interrupts and Interrupt Handling, 8.-Device Drivers, 9.-The
62 File system, 10.-Networks, 11.-Kernel Mechanisms, 12.-Modules,
63 13.-The Linux Kernel Sources, A.-Linux Data Structures, B.-The
64 Alpha AXP Processor, C.-Useful Web and FTP Sites, D.-The GNU
65 General Public License, Glossary". In short: a must have.
67 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition**
69 :Author: Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet.
70 :URL: http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/index.html
71 :Keywords: device drivers, modules, debugging, memory, hardware,
72 interrupt handling, char drivers, block drivers, kmod, mmap, DMA,
74 :Description: O'Reilly's popular book, now also on-line under the
75 GNU Free Documentation License.
76 :Notes: You can also buy it in paper-form from O'Reilly. See below
77 under BOOKS (Not on-line).
79 * Title: **Conceptual Architecture of the Linux Kernel**
81 :Author: Ivan T. Bowman.
82 :URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/
83 :Keywords: conceptual software architecture, extracted design,
84 reverse engineering, system structure.
85 :Description: Conceptual software architecture of the Linux kernel,
86 automatically extracted from the source code. Very detailed. Good
87 figures. Gives good overall kernel understanding.
89 * Title: **Concrete Architecture of the Linux Kernel**
91 :Author: Ivan T. Bowman, Saheem Siddiqi, and Meyer C. Tanuan.
92 :URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/
93 :Keywords: concrete architecture, extracted design, reverse
94 engineering, system structure, dependencies.
95 :Description: Concrete architecture of the Linux kernel,
96 automatically extracted from the source code. Very detailed. Good
97 figures. Gives good overall kernel understanding. This papers
98 focus on lower details than its predecessor (files, variables...).
100 * Title: **Linux as a Case Study: Its Extracted Software Architecture**
102 :Author: Ivan T. Bowman, Richard C. Holt and Neil V. Brewster.
103 :URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/
104 :Keywords: software architecture, architecture recovery,
106 :Description: Paper appeared at ICSE'99, Los Angeles, May 16-22,
107 1999. A mixture of the previous two documents from the same
110 * Title: **Overview of the Virtual File System**
112 :Author: Richard Gooch.
113 :URL: http://www.mjmwired.net/kernel/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
114 :Keywords: VFS, File System, mounting filesystems, opening files,
116 :Description: Brief introduction to the Linux Virtual File System.
117 What is it, how it works, operations taken when opening a file or
118 mounting a file system and description of important data
119 structures explaining the purpose of each of their entries.
121 * Title: **The Linux RAID-1, 4, 5 Code**
123 :Author: Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman and Miguel de Icaza.
124 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2391
125 :Keywords: RAID, MD driver.
126 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
127 :Abstract: *A description of the implementation of the RAID-1,
128 RAID-4 and RAID-5 personalities of the MD device driver in the
129 Linux kernel, providing users with high performance and reliable,
130 secondary-storage capability using software*.
132 * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Modularized Device Drivers**
134 :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
135 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1219
136 :Keywords: device driver, module, loading/unloading modules,
137 allocating resources.
138 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
139 :Abstract: *This is the first of a series of four articles
140 co-authored by Alessandro Rubini and Georg Zezchwitz which present
141 a practical approach to writing Linux device drivers as kernel
142 loadable modules. This installment presents an introduction to the
143 topic, preparing the reader to understand next month's
146 * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Discovery**
148 :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
149 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1220
150 :Keywords: character driver, init_module, clean_up module,
151 autodetection, mayor number, minor number, file operations,
153 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
154 :Abstract: *This article, the second of four, introduces part of
155 the actual code to create custom module implementing a character
156 device driver. It describes the code for module initialization and
157 cleanup, as well as the open() and close() system calls*.
159 * Title: **The Devil's in the Details**
161 :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz and Alessandro Rubini.
162 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1221
163 :Keywords: read(), write(), select(), ioctl(), blocking/non
164 blocking mode, interrupt handler.
165 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
166 :Abstract: *This article, the third of four on writing character
167 device drivers, introduces concepts of reading, writing, and using
170 * Title: **Dissecting Interrupts and Browsing DMA**
172 :Author: Alessandro Rubini and Georg v. Zezschwitz.
173 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1222
174 :Keywords: interrupts, irqs, DMA, bottom halves, task queues.
175 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
176 :Abstract: *This is the fourth in a series of articles about
177 writing character device drivers as loadable kernel modules. This
178 month, we further investigate the field of interrupt handling.
179 Though it is conceptually simple, practical limitations and
180 constraints make this an ''interesting'' part of device driver
181 writing, and several different facilities have been provided for
182 different situations. We also investigate the complex topic of
185 * Title: **Device Drivers Concluded**
187 :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz.
188 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1287
189 :Keywords: address spaces, pages, pagination, page management,
190 demand loading, swapping, memory protection, memory mapping, mmap,
191 virtual memory areas (VMAs), vremap, PCI.
192 :Description: Finally, the above turned out into a five articles
193 series. This latest one's introduction reads: "This is the last of
194 five articles about character device drivers. In this final
195 section, Georg deals with memory mapping devices, beginning with
196 an overall description of the Linux memory management concepts".
198 * Title: **Network Buffers And Memory Management**
201 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1312
202 :Keywords: sk_buffs, network devices, protocol/link layer
203 variables, network devices flags, transmit, receive,
204 configuration, multicast.
205 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner.
206 :Abstract: *Writing a network device driver for Linux is fundamentally
207 simple---most of the complexity (other than talking to the
208 hardware) involves managing network packets in memory*.
210 * Title: **Linux Kernel Hackers' Guide**
212 :Author: Michael K. Johnson.
213 :URL: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/khg/HyperNews/get/khg.html
214 :Keywords: device drivers, files, VFS, kernel interface, character vs
215 block devices, hardware interrupts, scsi, DMA, access to user memory,
216 memory allocation, timers.
217 :Description: A guide designed to help you get up to speed on the
218 concepts that are not intuitevly obvious, and to document the internal
221 * Title: **The Venus kernel interface**
223 :Author: Peter J. Braam.
224 :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/html/kernel-venus-protocol.html
225 :Keywords: coda, filesystem, venus, cache manager.
226 :Description: "This document describes the communication between
227 Venus and kernel level file system code needed for the operation
228 of the Coda filesystem. This version document is meant to describe
229 the current interface (version 1.0) as well as improvements we
232 * Title: **Programming PCI-Devices under Linux**
234 :Author: Claus Schroeter.
235 :URL: ftp://ftp.llp.fu-berlin.de/pub/linux/LINUX-LAB/whitepapers/pcip.ps.gz
236 :Keywords: PCI, device, busmastering.
237 :Description: 6 pages tutorial on PCI programming under Linux.
238 Gives the basic concepts on the architecture of the PCI subsystem,
239 as long as basic functions and macros to read/write the devices
240 and perform busmastering.
242 * Title: **Writing Character Device Driver for Linux**
244 :Author: R. Baruch and C. Schroeter.
245 :URL: ftp://ftp.llp.fu-berlin.de/pub/linux/LINUX-LAB/whitepapers/drivers.ps.gz
246 :Keywords: character device drivers, I/O, signals, DMA, accessing
247 ports in user space, kernel environment.
248 :Description: 68 pages paper on writing character drivers. A little
249 bit old (1.993, 1.994) although still useful.
251 * Title: **Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem**
253 :Author: Rémy Card, Theodore Ts'o, Stephen Tweedie.
254 :URL: http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/ext2intro.html
255 :Keywords: ext2, linux fs history, inode, directory, link, devices,
256 VFS, physical structure, performance, benchmarks, ext2fs library,
257 ext2fs tools, e2fsck.
258 :Description: Paper written by three of the top ext2 hackers.
259 Covers Linux filesystems history, ext2 motivation, ext2 features,
260 design, physical structure on disk, performance, benchmarks,
261 e2fsck's passes description... A must read!
262 :Notes: This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the
263 First Dutch International Symposium on Linux, ISBN 90-367-0385-9.
265 * Title: **Analysis of the Ext2fs structure**
267 :Author: Louis-Dominique Dubeau.
268 :URL: http://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS2002/fs-ext2/
269 :Keywords: ext2, filesystem, ext2fs.
270 :Description: Description of ext2's blocks, directories, inodes,
271 bitmaps, invariants...
273 * Title: **Journaling the Linux ext2fs Filesystem**
275 :Author: Stephen C. Tweedie.
276 :URL: ftp://ftp.uk.linux.org/pub/linux/sct/fs/jfs/journal-design.ps.gz
277 :Keywords: ext3, journaling.
278 :Description: Excellent 8-pages paper explaining the journaling
279 capabilities added to ext2 by the author, showing different
280 problems faced and the alternatives chosen.
282 * Title: **Kernel API changes from 2.0 to 2.2**
284 :Author: Richard Gooch.
285 :URL: http://www.safe-mbox.com/~rgooch/linux/docs/porting-to-2.2.html
286 :Keywords: 2.2, changes.
287 :Description: Kernel functions/structures/variables which changed
290 * Title: **Kernel API changes from 2.2 to 2.4**
292 :Author: Richard Gooch.
293 :URL: http://www.safe-mbox.com/~rgooch/linux/docs/porting-to-2.4.html
294 :Keywords: 2.4, changes.
295 :Description: Kernel functions/structures/variables which changed
298 * Title: **Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide**
300 :Author: Ori Pomerantz.
301 :URL: http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/index.html
302 :Keywords: modules, GPL book, /proc, ioctls, system calls,
304 :Description: Very nice 92 pages GPL book on the topic of modules
305 programming. Lots of examples.
307 * Title: **I/O Event Handling Under Linux**
309 :Author: Richard Gooch.
310 :Keywords: IO, I/O, select(2), poll(2), FDs, aio_read(2), readiness
312 :Description: From the Introduction: "I/O Event handling is about
313 how your Operating System allows you to manage a large number of
314 open files (file descriptors in UNIX/POSIX, or FDs) in your
315 application. You want the OS to notify you when FDs become active
316 (have data ready to be read or are ready for writing). Ideally you
317 want a mechanism that is scalable. This means a large number of
318 inactive FDs cost very little in memory and CPU time to manage".
320 * Title: **The Kernel Hacking HOWTO**
322 :Author: Various Talented People, and Rusty.
323 :Location: in kernel tree, Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl
324 (must be built as "make {htmldocs | psdocs | pdfdocs})
325 :Keywords: HOWTO, kernel contexts, deadlock, locking, modules,
326 symbols, return conventions.
327 :Description: From the Introduction: "Please understand that I
328 never wanted to write this document, being grossly underqualified,
329 but I always wanted to read it, and this was the only way. I
330 simply explain some best practices, and give reading entry-points
331 into the kernel sources. I avoid implementation details: that's
332 what the code is for, and I ignore whole tracts of useful
333 routines. This document assumes familiarity with C, and an
334 understanding of what the kernel is, and how it is used. It was
335 originally written for the 2.3 kernels, but nearly all of it
336 applies to 2.2 too; 2.0 is slightly different".
338 * Title: **Writing an ALSA Driver**
340 :Author: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
341 :URL: http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/index.html
342 :Keywords: ALSA, sound, soundcard, driver, lowlevel, hardware.
343 :Description: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture for developers,
344 both at kernel and user-level sides. ALSA is the Linux kernel
345 sound architecture in the 2.6 kernel version.
347 * Title: **Programming Guide for Linux USB Device Drivers**
349 :Author: Detlef Fliegl.
350 :URL: http://usb.in.tum.de/usbdoc/
351 :Keywords: USB, universal serial bus.
352 :Description: A must-read. From the Preface: "This document should
353 give detailed information about the current state of the USB
354 subsystem and its API for USB device drivers. The first section
355 will deal with the basics of USB devices. You will learn about
356 different types of devices and their properties. Going into detail
357 you will see how USB devices communicate on the bus. The second
358 section gives an overview of the Linux USB subsystem [2] and the
359 device driver framework. Then the API and its data structures will
360 be explained step by step. The last section of this document
361 contains a reference of all API calls and their return codes".
362 :Notes: Beware: the main page states: "This document may not be
363 published, printed or used in excerpts without explicit permission
364 of the author". Fortunately, it may still be read...
366 * Title: **Linux Kernel Mailing List Glossary**
369 :URL: http://kernelnewbies.org/glossary/
370 :Keywords: glossary, terms, linux-kernel.
371 :Description: From the introduction: "This glossary is intended as
372 a brief description of some of the acronyms and terms you may hear
373 during discussion of the Linux kernel".
375 * Title: **Linux Kernel Locking HOWTO**
377 :Author: Various Talented People, and Rusty.
378 :Location: in kernel tree, Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking.tmpl
379 (must be built as "make {htmldocs | psdocs | pdfdocs})
380 :Keywords: locks, locking, spinlock, semaphore, atomic, race
381 condition, bottom halves, tasklets, softirqs.
382 :Description: The title says it all: document describing the
383 locking system in the Linux Kernel either in uniprocessor or SMP
385 :Notes: "It was originally written for the later (>2.3.47) 2.3
386 kernels, but most of it applies to 2.2 too; 2.0 is slightly
387 different". Freely redistributable under the conditions of the GNU
388 General Public License.
390 * Title: **Global spinlock list and usage**
392 :Author: Rick Lindsley.
393 :URL: http://lse.sourceforge.net/lockhier/global-spin-lock
395 :Description: This is an attempt to document both the existence and
396 usage of the spinlocks in the Linux 2.4.5 kernel. Comprehensive
397 list of spinlocks showing when they are used, which functions
398 access them, how each lock is acquired, under what conditions it
399 is held, whether interrupts can occur or not while it is held...
401 * Title: **Porting Linux 2.0 Drivers To Linux 2.2: Changes and New Features**
404 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-05/gear_01.html
405 :Keywords: ports, porting.
406 :Description: Article from Linux Magazine on porting from 2.0 to
409 * Title: **Porting Device Drivers To Linux 2.2: part II**
412 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/238
413 :Keywords: ports, porting.
414 :Description: Second part on porting from 2.0 to 2.2 kernels.
416 * Title: **How To Make Sure Your Driver Will Work On The Power Macintosh**
418 :Author: Paul Mackerras.
419 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/261
420 :Keywords: Mac, Power Macintosh, porting, drivers, compatibility.
421 :Description: The title says it all.
423 * Title: **An Introduction to SCSI Drivers**
426 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/284
427 :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver.
428 :Description: The title says it all.
430 * Title: **Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales**
433 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/307
434 :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver, advanced.
435 :Description: The title says it all.
437 * Title: **Writing Linux Mouse Drivers**
440 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/330
441 :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm.
442 :Description: The title says it all.
444 * Title: **More on Mouse Drivers**
447 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/356
448 :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm, races, asynchronous I/O.
449 :Description: The title still says it all.
451 * Title: **Writing Video4linux Radio Driver**
454 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/381
455 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, radio, radio devices.
456 :Description: The title says it all.
458 * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 1: Video-Capture Device**
461 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/406
462 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
464 :Description: The title says it all.
466 * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 2: Video-capture Devices**
469 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/429
470 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
471 camera driver, control, query capabilities, capability, facility.
472 :Description: The title says it all.
474 * Title: **PCI Management in Linux 2.2**
477 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/452
478 :Keywords: PCI, bus, bus-mastering.
479 :Description: The title says it all.
481 * Title: **Linux 2.4 Kernel Internals**
483 :Author: Tigran Aivazian and Christoph Hellwig.
484 :URL: http://www.moses.uklinux.net/patches/lki.html
485 :Keywords: Linux, kernel, booting, SMB boot, VFS, page cache.
486 :Description: A little book used for a short training course.
487 Covers building the kernel image, booting (including SMP bootup),
488 process management, VFS and more.
490 * Title: **Linux IP Networking. A Guide to the Implementation and Modification of the Linux Protocol Stack.**
492 :Author: Glenn Herrin.
493 :URL: http://www.cs.unh.edu/cnrg/gherrin
494 :Keywords: network, networking, protocol, IP, UDP, TCP, connection,
495 socket, receiving, transmitting, forwarding, routing, packets,
496 modules, /proc, sk_buff, FIB, tags.
497 :Description: Excellent paper devoted to the Linux IP Networking,
498 explaining anything from the kernel's to the user space
499 configuration tools' code. Very good to get a general overview of
500 the kernel networking implementation and understand all steps
501 packets follow from the time they are received at the network
502 device till they are delivered to applications. The studied kernel
503 code is from 2.2.14 version. Provides code for a working packet
506 * Title: **Get those boards talking under Linux.**
508 :Author: Alex Ivchenko.
509 :URL: http://www.edn.com/article/CA46968.html
510 :Keywords: data-acquisition boards, drivers, modules, interrupts,
512 :Description: Article written for people wishing to make their data
513 acquisition boards work on their GNU/Linux machines. Gives a basic
514 overview on writing drivers, from the naming of functions to
516 :Notes: Two-parts article. Part II is at
517 :URL: http://www.edn.com/article/CA46998.html
519 * Title: **Linux PCMCIA Programmer's Guide**
521 :Author: David Hinds.
522 :URL: http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-PROG.html
524 :Description: "This document describes how to write kernel device
525 drivers for the Linux PCMCIA Card Services interface. It also
526 describes how to write user-mode utilities for communicating with
529 * Title: **The Linux Kernel NFSD Implementation**
532 :URL: http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~neilb/oss/linux-commentary/nfsd.html
533 :Keywords: knfsd, nfsd, NFS, RPC, lockd, mountd, statd.
534 :Description: The title says it all.
535 :Notes: Covers knfsd's version 1.4.7 (patch against 2.2.7 kernel).
537 * Title: **A Linux vm README**
539 :Author: Kanoj Sarcar.
540 :URL: http://kos.enix.org/pub/linux-vmm.html
541 :Keywords: virtual memory, mm, pgd, vma, page, page flags, page
542 cache, swap cache, kswapd.
543 :Description: Telegraphic, short descriptions and definitions
544 relating the Linux virtual memory implementation.
546 * Title: **(nearly) Complete Linux Loadable Kernel Modules. The definitive guide for hackers, virus coders and system administrators.**
548 :Author: pragmatic/THC.
549 :URL: http://packetstormsecurity.org/docs/hack/LKM_HACKING.html
550 :Keywords: syscalls, intercept, hide, abuse, symbol table.
551 :Description: Interesting paper on how to abuse the Linux kernel in
552 order to intercept and modify syscalls, make
553 files/directories/processes invisible, become root, hijack ttys,
554 write kernel modules based virus... and solutions for admins to
555 avoid all those abuses.
556 :Notes: For 2.0.x kernels. Gives guidances to port it to 2.2.x
562 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers**
564 :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
565 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates.
570 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition**
572 :Author: Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet.
573 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates.
577 :Notes: Further information in
578 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive2/
580 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition**
582 :Authors: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman
583 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates.
587 :Notes: Further information in
588 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive3/
589 PDF format, URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
591 * Title: **Linux Kernel Internals**
593 :Author: Michael Beck.
594 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley.
596 :ISBN: 0-201-33143-8 (second edition)
598 * Title: **The Design of the UNIX Operating System**
600 :Author: Maurice J. Bach.
601 :Publisher: Prentice Hall.
606 * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.3 BSD UNIX Operating System**
608 :Author: Samuel J. Leffler, Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J.
609 Karels, John S. Quarterman.
610 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley.
611 :Date: 1989 (reprinted with corrections on October, 1990).
614 * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD UNIX Operating System**
616 :Author: Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels,
618 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley.
622 * Title: **Programmation Linux 2.0 API systeme et fonctionnement du noyau**
624 :Author: Remy Card, Eric Dumas, Franck Mevel.
625 :Publisher: Eyrolles.
631 * Title: **Unix internals -- the new frontiers**
633 :Author: Uresh Vahalia.
634 :Publisher: Prentice Hall.
639 * Title: **Programming for the real world - POSIX.4**
641 :Author: Bill O. Gallmeister.
642 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc..
646 :Notes: Though not being directly about Linux, Linux aims to be
647 POSIX. Good reference.
649 * Title: **UNIX Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers**
651 :Author: Curt Schimmel.
652 :Publisher: Addison Wesley.
657 * Title: **Linux Kernel Development, 3rd Edition**
660 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley.
663 :ISBN: 978-0672329463
668 * Name: **linux/Documentation**
671 :URL: Just look inside your kernel sources.
672 :Keywords: anything, DocBook.
673 :Description: Documentation that comes with the kernel sources,
674 inside the Documentation directory. Some pages from this document
675 (including this document itself) have been moved there, and might
676 be more up to date than the web version.
678 * Name: **Linux Kernel Source Reference**
680 :Author: Thomas Graichen.
681 :URL: http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=96446640102205&w=4
682 :Keywords: CVS, web, cvsweb, browsing source code.
683 :Description: Web interface to a CVS server with the kernel
684 sources. "Here you can have a look at any file of the Linux kernel
685 sources of any version starting from 1.0 up to the (daily updated)
686 current version available. Also you can check the differences
687 between two versions of a file".
689 * Name: **Cross-Referencing Linux**
691 :URL: http://lxr.free-electrons.com/
692 :Keywords: Browsing source code.
693 :Description: Another web-based Linux kernel source code browser.
694 Lots of cross references to variables and functions. You can see
695 where they are defined and where they are used.
697 * Name: **Linux Weekly News**
700 :Keywords: latest kernel news.
701 :Description: The title says it all. There's a fixed kernel section
702 summarizing developers' work, bug fixes, new features and versions
703 produced during the week. Published every Thursday.
705 * Name: **Kernel Traffic**
707 :URL: http://kt.earth.li/kernel-traffic/index.html
708 :Keywords: linux-kernel mailing list, weekly kernel news.
709 :Description: Weekly newsletter covering the most relevant
710 discussions of the linux-kernel mailing list.
712 * Name: **CuTTiNG.eDGe.LiNuX**
714 :URL: http://edge.kernelnotes.org
715 :Keywords: changelist.
716 :Description: Site which provides the changelist for every kernel
717 release. What's new, what's better, what's changed. Myrdraal reads
718 the patches and describes them. Pointers to the patches are there,
721 * Name: **New linux-kernel Mailing List FAQ**
723 :URL: http://www.tux.org/lkml/
724 :Keywords: linux-kernel mailing list FAQ.
725 :Description: linux-kernel is a mailing list for developers to
726 communicate. This FAQ builds on the previous linux-kernel mailing
727 list FAQ maintained by Frohwalt Egerer, who no longer maintains
728 it. Read it to see how to join the mailing list. Dozens of
729 interesting questions regarding the list, Linux, developers (who
730 is ...?), terms (what is...?) are answered here too. Just read it.
732 * Name: **Linux Virtual File System**
734 :Author: Peter J. Braam.
735 :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/talks/linuxvfs/
736 :Keywords: slides, VFS, inode, superblock, dentry, dcache.
737 :Description: Set of slides, presumably from a presentation on the
738 Linux VFS layer. Covers version 2.1.x, with dentries and the
741 * Name: **Gary's Encyclopedia - The Linux Kernel**
743 :Author: Gary (I suppose...).
744 :URL: http://slencyclopedia.berlios.de/index.html
745 :Keywords: linux, community, everything!
746 :Description: Gary's Encyclopedia exists to allow the rapid finding
747 of documentation and other information of interest to GNU/Linux
748 users. It has about 4000 links to external pages in 150 major
749 categories. This link is for kernel-specific links, documents,
750 sites... This list is now hosted by developer.Berlios.de,
751 but seems not to have been updated since sometime in 1999.
753 * Name: **The home page of Linux-MM**
755 :Author: The Linux-MM team.
756 :URL: http://linux-mm.org/
757 :Keywords: memory management, Linux-MM, mm patches, TODO, docs,
759 :Description: Site devoted to Linux Memory Management development.
760 Memory related patches, HOWTOs, links, mm developers... Don't miss
761 it if you are interested in memory management development!
763 * Name: **Kernel Newbies IRC Channel and Website**
765 :URL: http://www.kernelnewbies.org
766 :Keywords: IRC, newbies, channel, asking doubts.
767 :Description: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net.
768 #kernelnewbies is an IRC network dedicated to the 'newbie'
769 kernel hacker. The audience mostly consists of people who are
770 learning about the kernel, working on kernel projects or
771 professional kernel hackers that want to help less seasoned kernel
773 #kernelnewbies is on the OFTC IRC Network.
774 Try irc.oftc.net as your server and then /join #kernelnewbies.
775 The kernelnewbies website also hosts articles, documents, FAQs...
777 * Name: **linux-kernel mailing list archives and search engines**
779 :URL: http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html
780 :URL: http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/index.html
781 :URL: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel
782 :URL: http://groups.google.com/group/mlist.linux.kernel
783 :URL: http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/linux/linux-kernel/
784 :URL: http://www.lib.uaa.alaska.edu/linux-kernel/
785 :Keywords: linux-kernel, archives, search.
786 :Description: Some of the linux-kernel mailing list archivers. If
787 you have a better/another one, please let me know.
791 Document last updated on Sat 2005-NOV-19