3 Index of Documentation for People Interested in Writing and/or Understanding the Linux Kernel
4 =============================================================================================
6 Juan-Mariano de Goyeneche <jmseyas@dit.upm.es>
9 The latest version of this document may be found at:
10 :http://www.dit.upm.es/~jmseyas/linux/kernel/hackers-docs.html
12 The need for a document like this one became apparent in the
13 linux-kernel mailing list as the same questions, asking for pointers
14 to information, appeared again and again.
16 Fortunately, as more and more people get to GNU/Linux, more and more
17 get interested in the Kernel. But reading the sources is not always
18 enough. It is easy to understand the code, but miss the concepts, the
19 philosophy and design decisions behind this code.
21 Unfortunately, not many documents are available for beginners to
22 start. And, even if they exist, there was no "well-known" place which
23 kept track of them. These lines try to cover this lack. All documents
24 available on line known by the author are listed, while some reference
25 books are also mentioned.
27 PLEASE, if you know any paper not listed here or write a new document,
28 send me an e-mail, and I'll include a reference to it here. Any
29 corrections, ideas or comments are also welcomed.
31 The papers that follow are listed in no particular order. All are
32 cataloged with the following fields: the document's "Title", the
33 "Author"/s, the "URL" where they can be found, some "Keywords" helpful
34 when searching for specific topics, and a brief "Description" of the
42 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition**
44 :Author: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman
45 :URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
46 :Description: A 600-page book covering the (2.6.10) driver
47 programming API and kernel hacking in general. Available under the
48 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.
50 * Title: **The Linux Kernel**
52 :Author: David A. Rusling.
53 :URL: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/tlk/tlk.html
54 :Keywords: everything!, book.
55 :Description: On line, 200 pages book describing most aspects of
56 the Linux Kernel. Probably, the first reference for beginners.
57 Lots of illustrations explaining data structures use and
58 relationships in the purest Richard W. Stevens' style. Contents:
59 "1.-Hardware Basics, 2.-Software Basics, 3.-Memory Management,
60 4.-Processes, 5.-Interprocess Communication Mechanisms, 6.-PCI,
61 7.-Interrupts and Interrupt Handling, 8.-Device Drivers, 9.-The
62 File system, 10.-Networks, 11.-Kernel Mechanisms, 12.-Modules,
63 13.-The Linux Kernel Sources, A.-Linux Data Structures, B.-The
64 Alpha AXP Processor, C.-Useful Web and FTP Sites, D.-The GNU
65 General Public License, Glossary". In short: a must have.
67 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition**
69 :Author: Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet.
70 :URL: http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/index.html
71 :Keywords: device drivers, modules, debugging, memory, hardware,
72 interrupt handling, char drivers, block drivers, kmod, mmap, DMA,
74 :Description: O'Reilly's popular book, now also on-line under the
75 GNU Free Documentation License.
76 :Notes: You can also buy it in paper-form from O'Reilly. See below
77 under BOOKS (Not on-line).
79 * Title: **Conceptual Architecture of the Linux Kernel**
81 :Author: Ivan T. Bowman.
82 :URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/
83 :Keywords: conceptual software architecture, extracted design,
84 reverse engineering, system structure.
85 :Description: Conceptual software architecture of the Linux kernel,
86 automatically extracted from the source code. Very detailed. Good
87 figures. Gives good overall kernel understanding.
89 * Title: **Concrete Architecture of the Linux Kernel**
91 :Author: Ivan T. Bowman, Saheem Siddiqi, and Meyer C. Tanuan.
92 :URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/
93 :Keywords: concrete architecture, extracted design, reverse
94 engineering, system structure, dependencies.
95 :Description: Concrete architecture of the Linux kernel,
96 automatically extracted from the source code. Very detailed. Good
97 figures. Gives good overall kernel understanding. This papers
98 focus on lower details than its predecessor (files, variables...).
100 * Title: **Linux as a Case Study: Its Extracted Software Architecture**
102 :Author: Ivan T. Bowman, Richard C. Holt and Neil V. Brewster.
103 :URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/
104 :Keywords: software architecture, architecture recovery,
106 :Description: Paper appeared at ICSE'99, Los Angeles, May 16-22,
107 1999. A mixture of the previous two documents from the same
110 * Title: **Overview of the Virtual File System**
112 :Author: Richard Gooch.
113 :URL: http://www.mjmwired.net/kernel/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
114 :Keywords: VFS, File System, mounting filesystems, opening files,
116 :Description: Brief introduction to the Linux Virtual File System.
117 What is it, how it works, operations taken when opening a file or
118 mounting a file system and description of important data
119 structures explaining the purpose of each of their entries.
121 * Title: **The Linux RAID-1, 4, 5 Code**
123 :Author: Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman and Miguel de Icaza.
124 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2391
125 :Keywords: RAID, MD driver.
126 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
127 :Abstract: *A description of the implementation of the RAID-1,
128 RAID-4 and RAID-5 personalities of the MD device driver in the
129 Linux kernel, providing users with high performance and reliable,
130 secondary-storage capability using software*.
132 * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Modularized Device Drivers**
134 :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
135 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1219
136 :Keywords: device driver, module, loading/unloading modules,
137 allocating resources.
138 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
139 :Abstract: *This is the first of a series of four articles
140 co-authored by Alessandro Rubini and Georg Zezchwitz which present
141 a practical approach to writing Linux device drivers as kernel
142 loadable modules. This installment presents an introduction to the
143 topic, preparing the reader to understand next month's
146 * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Discovery**
148 :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
149 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1220
150 :Keywords: character driver, init_module, clean_up module,
151 autodetection, mayor number, minor number, file operations,
153 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
154 :Abstract: *This article, the second of four, introduces part of
155 the actual code to create custom module implementing a character
156 device driver. It describes the code for module initialization and
157 cleanup, as well as the open() and close() system calls*.
159 * Title: **On submitting kernel Patches**
162 :URL: http://halobates.de/on-submitting-kernel-patches.pdf
163 :Keywords: patches, review process, types of submissions, basic rules, case studies
164 :Description: This paper gives several experience values on what types of patches
165 there are and how likley they get merged.
167 [...]. This paper examines some common problems for
168 submitting larger changes and some strategies to avoid problems.
170 * Title: **Tracing the Way of Data in a TCP Connection through the Linux Kernel**
171 :Author: Richard Sailer
172 :URL: https://archive.org/details/linux_kernel_data_flow_short_paper
173 :Keywords: Linux Kernel Networking, TCP, tracing, ftrace
174 :Description: A seminar paper explaining ftrace and how to use it for
175 understanding linux kernel internals,
176 illustrated at tracing the way of a TCP packet through the kernel.
177 :Abstract: *This short paper outlines the usage of ftrace a tracing framework
178 as a tool to understand a running Linux system.
179 Having obtained a trace-log a kernel hacker can read and understand
180 source code more determined and with context.
181 In a detailed example this approach is demonstrated in tracing
182 and the way of data in a TCP Connection through the kernel.
183 Finally this trace-log is used as base for more a exact conceptual
184 exploration and description of the Linux TCP/IP implementation.*
186 * Title: **The Devil's in the Details**
188 :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz and Alessandro Rubini.
189 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1221
190 :Keywords: read(), write(), select(), ioctl(), blocking/non
191 blocking mode, interrupt handler.
192 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
193 :Abstract: *This article, the third of four on writing character
194 device drivers, introduces concepts of reading, writing, and using
197 * Title: **Dissecting Interrupts and Browsing DMA**
199 :Author: Alessandro Rubini and Georg v. Zezschwitz.
200 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1222
201 :Keywords: interrupts, irqs, DMA, bottom halves, task queues.
202 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
203 :Abstract: *This is the fourth in a series of articles about
204 writing character device drivers as loadable kernel modules. This
205 month, we further investigate the field of interrupt handling.
206 Though it is conceptually simple, practical limitations and
207 constraints make this an ''interesting'' part of device driver
208 writing, and several different facilities have been provided for
209 different situations. We also investigate the complex topic of
212 * Title: **Device Drivers Concluded**
214 :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz.
215 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1287
216 :Keywords: address spaces, pages, pagination, page management,
217 demand loading, swapping, memory protection, memory mapping, mmap,
218 virtual memory areas (VMAs), vremap, PCI.
219 :Description: Finally, the above turned out into a five articles
220 series. This latest one's introduction reads: "This is the last of
221 five articles about character device drivers. In this final
222 section, Georg deals with memory mapping devices, beginning with
223 an overall description of the Linux memory management concepts".
225 * Title: **Network Buffers And Memory Management**
228 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1312
229 :Keywords: sk_buffs, network devices, protocol/link layer
230 variables, network devices flags, transmit, receive,
231 configuration, multicast.
232 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner.
233 :Abstract: *Writing a network device driver for Linux is fundamentally
234 simple---most of the complexity (other than talking to the
235 hardware) involves managing network packets in memory*.
237 * Title: **Linux Kernel Hackers' Guide**
239 :Author: Michael K. Johnson.
240 :URL: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/khg/HyperNews/get/khg.html
241 :Keywords: device drivers, files, VFS, kernel interface, character vs
242 block devices, hardware interrupts, scsi, DMA, access to user memory,
243 memory allocation, timers.
244 :Description: A guide designed to help you get up to speed on the
245 concepts that are not intuitevly obvious, and to document the internal
248 * Title: **The Venus kernel interface**
250 :Author: Peter J. Braam.
251 :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/html/kernel-venus-protocol.html
252 :Keywords: coda, filesystem, venus, cache manager.
253 :Description: "This document describes the communication between
254 Venus and kernel level file system code needed for the operation
255 of the Coda filesystem. This version document is meant to describe
256 the current interface (version 1.0) as well as improvements we
259 * Title: **Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem**
261 :Author: Rémy Card, Theodore Ts'o, Stephen Tweedie.
262 :URL: http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/ext2intro.html
263 :Keywords: ext2, linux fs history, inode, directory, link, devices,
264 VFS, physical structure, performance, benchmarks, ext2fs library,
265 ext2fs tools, e2fsck.
266 :Description: Paper written by three of the top ext2 hackers.
267 Covers Linux filesystems history, ext2 motivation, ext2 features,
268 design, physical structure on disk, performance, benchmarks,
269 e2fsck's passes description... A must read!
270 :Notes: This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the
271 First Dutch International Symposium on Linux, ISBN 90-367-0385-9.
273 * Title: **Analysis of the Ext2fs structure**
275 :Author: Louis-Dominique Dubeau.
276 :URL: http://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS2002/fs-ext2/
277 :Keywords: ext2, filesystem, ext2fs.
278 :Description: Description of ext2's blocks, directories, inodes,
279 bitmaps, invariants...
281 * Title: **Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide**
283 :Author: Ori Pomerantz.
284 :URL: http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/index.html
285 :Keywords: modules, GPL book, /proc, ioctls, system calls,
287 :Description: Very nice 92 pages GPL book on the topic of modules
288 programming. Lots of examples.
290 * Title: **I/O Event Handling Under Linux**
292 :Author: Richard Gooch.
293 :Keywords: IO, I/O, select(2), poll(2), FDs, aio_read(2), readiness
295 :Description: From the Introduction: "I/O Event handling is about
296 how your Operating System allows you to manage a large number of
297 open files (file descriptors in UNIX/POSIX, or FDs) in your
298 application. You want the OS to notify you when FDs become active
299 (have data ready to be read or are ready for writing). Ideally you
300 want a mechanism that is scalable. This means a large number of
301 inactive FDs cost very little in memory and CPU time to manage".
303 * Title: **The Kernel Hacking HOWTO**
305 :Author: Various Talented People, and Rusty.
306 :Location: in kernel tree, Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl
307 (must be built as "make {htmldocs | psdocs | pdfdocs})
308 :Keywords: HOWTO, kernel contexts, deadlock, locking, modules,
309 symbols, return conventions.
310 :Description: From the Introduction: "Please understand that I
311 never wanted to write this document, being grossly underqualified,
312 but I always wanted to read it, and this was the only way. I
313 simply explain some best practices, and give reading entry-points
314 into the kernel sources. I avoid implementation details: that's
315 what the code is for, and I ignore whole tracts of useful
316 routines. This document assumes familiarity with C, and an
317 understanding of what the kernel is, and how it is used. It was
318 originally written for the 2.3 kernels, but nearly all of it
319 applies to 2.2 too; 2.0 is slightly different".
321 * Title: **Writing an ALSA Driver**
323 :Author: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
324 :URL: http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/index.html
325 :Keywords: ALSA, sound, soundcard, driver, lowlevel, hardware.
326 :Description: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture for developers,
327 both at kernel and user-level sides. ALSA is the Linux kernel
328 sound architecture in the 2.6 kernel version.
330 * Title: **Linux Kernel Mailing List Glossary**
333 :URL: http://kernelnewbies.org/glossary/
334 :Keywords: glossary, terms, linux-kernel.
335 :Description: From the introduction: "This glossary is intended as
336 a brief description of some of the acronyms and terms you may hear
337 during discussion of the Linux kernel".
339 * Title: **Linux Kernel Locking HOWTO**
341 :Author: Various Talented People, and Rusty.
342 :Location: in kernel tree, Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking.tmpl
343 (must be built as "make {htmldocs | psdocs | pdfdocs})
344 :Keywords: locks, locking, spinlock, semaphore, atomic, race
345 condition, bottom halves, tasklets, softirqs.
346 :Description: The title says it all: document describing the
347 locking system in the Linux Kernel either in uniprocessor or SMP
349 :Notes: "It was originally written for the later (>2.3.47) 2.3
350 kernels, but most of it applies to 2.2 too; 2.0 is slightly
351 different". Freely redistributable under the conditions of the GNU
352 General Public License.
354 * Title: **Global spinlock list and usage**
356 :Author: Rick Lindsley.
357 :URL: http://lse.sourceforge.net/lockhier/global-spin-lock
359 :Description: This is an attempt to document both the existence and
360 usage of the spinlocks in the Linux 2.4.5 kernel. Comprehensive
361 list of spinlocks showing when they are used, which functions
362 access them, how each lock is acquired, under what conditions it
363 is held, whether interrupts can occur or not while it is held...
365 * Title: **How To Make Sure Your Driver Will Work On The Power Macintosh**
367 :Author: Paul Mackerras.
368 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/261
369 :Keywords: Mac, Power Macintosh, porting, drivers, compatibility.
370 :Description: The title says it all.
372 * Title: **An Introduction to SCSI Drivers**
375 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/284
376 :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver.
377 :Description: The title says it all.
379 * Title: **Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales**
382 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/307
383 :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver, advanced.
384 :Description: The title says it all.
386 * Title: **Writing Linux Mouse Drivers**
389 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/330
390 :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm.
391 :Description: The title says it all.
393 * Title: **More on Mouse Drivers**
396 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/356
397 :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm, races, asynchronous I/O.
398 :Description: The title still says it all.
400 * Title: **Writing Video4linux Radio Driver**
403 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/381
404 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, radio, radio devices.
405 :Description: The title says it all.
407 * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 1: Video-Capture Device**
410 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/406
411 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
413 :Description: The title says it all.
415 * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 2: Video-capture Devices**
418 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/429
419 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
420 camera driver, control, query capabilities, capability, facility.
421 :Description: The title says it all.
423 * Title: **Linux IP Networking. A Guide to the Implementation and Modification of the Linux Protocol Stack.**
425 :Author: Glenn Herrin.
426 :URL: http://www.cs.unh.edu/cnrg/gherrin
427 :Keywords: network, networking, protocol, IP, UDP, TCP, connection,
428 socket, receiving, transmitting, forwarding, routing, packets,
429 modules, /proc, sk_buff, FIB, tags.
430 :Description: Excellent paper devoted to the Linux IP Networking,
431 explaining anything from the kernel's to the user space
432 configuration tools' code. Very good to get a general overview of
433 the kernel networking implementation and understand all steps
434 packets follow from the time they are received at the network
435 device till they are delivered to applications. The studied kernel
436 code is from 2.2.14 version. Provides code for a working packet
439 * Title: **Linux PCMCIA Programmer's Guide**
441 :Author: David Hinds.
442 :URL: http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-PROG.html
444 :Description: "This document describes how to write kernel device
445 drivers for the Linux PCMCIA Card Services interface. It also
446 describes how to write user-mode utilities for communicating with
449 * Title: **A Linux vm README**
451 :Author: Kanoj Sarcar.
452 :URL: http://kos.enix.org/pub/linux-vmm.html
453 :Keywords: virtual memory, mm, pgd, vma, page, page flags, page
454 cache, swap cache, kswapd.
455 :Description: Telegraphic, short descriptions and definitions
456 relating the Linux virtual memory implementation.
458 * Title: **(nearly) Complete Linux Loadable Kernel Modules. The definitive guide for hackers, virus coders and system administrators.**
460 :Author: pragmatic/THC.
461 :URL: http://packetstormsecurity.org/docs/hack/LKM_HACKING.html
462 :Keywords: syscalls, intercept, hide, abuse, symbol table.
463 :Description: Interesting paper on how to abuse the Linux kernel in
464 order to intercept and modify syscalls, make
465 files/directories/processes invisible, become root, hijack ttys,
466 write kernel modules based virus... and solutions for admins to
467 avoid all those abuses.
468 :Notes: For 2.0.x kernels. Gives guidances to port it to 2.2.x
474 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers**
476 :Author: Alessandro Rubini
477 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
482 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition**
484 :Author: Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet
485 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
489 :Notes: Further information in
490 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive2/
492 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition**
494 :Authors: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman
495 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
499 :Notes: Further information in
500 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive3/
501 PDF format, URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
503 * Title: **Linux Kernel Internals**
505 :Author: Michael Beck
506 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
508 :ISBN: 0-201-33143-8 (second edition)
510 * Title: **The Design of the UNIX Operating System**
512 :Author: Maurice J. Bach
513 :Publisher: Prentice Hall
518 * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.3 BSD UNIX Operating System**
520 :Author: Samuel J. Leffler, Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J
521 Karels, John S. Quarterman
522 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
523 :Date: 1989 (reprinted with corrections on October, 1990)
526 * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD UNIX Operating System**
528 :Author: Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels,
530 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
534 * Title: **Programmation Linux 2.0 API systeme et fonctionnement du noyau**
536 :Author: Remy Card, Eric Dumas, Franck Mevel
543 * Title: **Unix internals -- the new frontiers**
545 :Author: Uresh Vahalia
546 :Publisher: Prentice Hall
551 * Title: **Programming for the real world - POSIX.4**
553 :Author: Bill O. Gallmeister
554 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc
558 :Notes: Though not being directly about Linux, Linux aims to be
559 POSIX. Good reference.
561 * Title: **UNIX Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers**
563 :Author: Curt Schimmel
564 :Publisher: Addison Wesley
569 * Title: **Linux Kernel Development, 3rd Edition**
572 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
575 :ISBN: 978-0672329463
577 * Title: **Linux Kernel Networking: Implementation and Theory**
581 :Date: December 22, 2013
583 :ISBN: 978-1430261964
585 * Title: **Linux Treiber entwickeln**
587 :Author: Jürgen Quade, Eva-Katharina Kunst
588 :Publisher: dpunkt.verlag
589 :Date: Oct 2015 (4th edition)
591 :ISBN: 978-3-86490-288-8
592 :Note: German. The third edition from 2011 is
593 much cheaper and still quite up-to-date.
598 * Name: **linux/Documentation**
601 :URL: Just look inside your kernel sources.
602 :Keywords: anything, DocBook.
603 :Description: Documentation that comes with the kernel sources,
604 inside the Documentation directory. Some pages from this document
605 (including this document itself) have been moved there, and might
606 be more up to date than the web version.
608 * Name: **Linux Kernel Source Reference**
610 :Author: Thomas Graichen.
611 :URL: http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=96446640102205&w=4
612 :Keywords: CVS, web, cvsweb, browsing source code.
613 :Description: Web interface to a CVS server with the kernel
614 sources. "Here you can have a look at any file of the Linux kernel
615 sources of any version starting from 1.0 up to the (daily updated)
616 current version available. Also you can check the differences
617 between two versions of a file".
619 * Name: **Cross-Referencing Linux**
621 :URL: http://lxr.free-electrons.com/
622 :Keywords: Browsing source code.
623 :Description: Another web-based Linux kernel source code browser.
624 Lots of cross references to variables and functions. You can see
625 where they are defined and where they are used.
627 * Name: **Linux Weekly News**
630 :Keywords: latest kernel news.
631 :Description: The title says it all. There's a fixed kernel section
632 summarizing developers' work, bug fixes, new features and versions
633 produced during the week. Published every Thursday.
635 * Name: **Linux Virtual File System**
637 :Author: Peter J. Braam.
638 :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/talks/linuxvfs/
639 :Keywords: slides, VFS, inode, superblock, dentry, dcache.
640 :Description: Set of slides, presumably from a presentation on the
641 Linux VFS layer. Covers version 2.1.x, with dentries and the
644 * Name: **The home page of Linux-MM**
646 :Author: The Linux-MM team.
647 :URL: http://linux-mm.org/
648 :Keywords: memory management, Linux-MM, mm patches, TODO, docs,
650 :Description: Site devoted to Linux Memory Management development.
651 Memory related patches, HOWTOs, links, mm developers... Don't miss
652 it if you are interested in memory management development!
654 * Name: **Kernel Newbies IRC Channel and Website**
656 :URL: http://www.kernelnewbies.org
657 :Keywords: IRC, newbies, channel, asking doubts.
658 :Description: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net.
659 #kernelnewbies is an IRC network dedicated to the 'newbie'
660 kernel hacker. The audience mostly consists of people who are
661 learning about the kernel, working on kernel projects or
662 professional kernel hackers that want to help less seasoned kernel
664 #kernelnewbies is on the OFTC IRC Network.
665 Try irc.oftc.net as your server and then /join #kernelnewbies.
666 The kernelnewbies website also hosts articles, documents, FAQs...
668 * Name: **linux-kernel mailing list archives and search engines**
670 :URL: http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html
671 :URL: http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/index.html
672 :URL: http://groups.google.com/group/mlist.linux.kernel
673 :Keywords: linux-kernel, archives, search.
674 :Description: Some of the linux-kernel mailing list archivers. If
675 you have a better/another one, please let me know.
679 Document last updated on Mon 2016-Sep-19