2 * linux/fs/ext4/ialloc.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
5 * Remy Card (card@masi.ibp.fr)
6 * Laboratoire MASI - Institut Blaise Pascal
7 * Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
9 * BSD ufs-inspired inode and directory allocation by
10 * Stephen Tweedie (sct@redhat.com), 1993
11 * Big-endian to little-endian byte-swapping/bitmaps by
12 * David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu), 1995
15 #include <linux/time.h>
17 #include <linux/stat.h>
18 #include <linux/string.h>
19 #include <linux/quotaops.h>
20 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
21 #include <linux/random.h>
22 #include <linux/bitops.h>
23 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
24 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
27 #include "ext4_jbd2.h"
31 #include <trace/events/ext4.h>
34 * ialloc.c contains the inodes allocation and deallocation routines
38 * The free inodes are managed by bitmaps. A file system contains several
39 * blocks groups. Each group contains 1 bitmap block for blocks, 1 bitmap
40 * block for inodes, N blocks for the inode table and data blocks.
42 * The file system contains group descriptors which are located after the
43 * super block. Each descriptor contains the number of the bitmap block and
44 * the free blocks count in the block.
48 * To avoid calling the atomic setbit hundreds or thousands of times, we only
49 * need to use it within a single byte (to ensure we get endianness right).
50 * We can use memset for the rest of the bitmap as there are no other users.
52 void ext4_mark_bitmap_end(int start_bit, int end_bit, char *bitmap)
56 if (start_bit >= end_bit)
59 ext4_debug("mark end bits +%d through +%d used\n", start_bit, end_bit);
60 for (i = start_bit; i < ((start_bit + 7) & ~7UL); i++)
61 ext4_set_bit(i, bitmap);
63 memset(bitmap + (i >> 3), 0xff, (end_bit - i) >> 3);
66 /* Initializes an uninitialized inode bitmap */
67 static int ext4_init_inode_bitmap(struct super_block *sb,
68 struct buffer_head *bh,
69 ext4_group_t block_group,
70 struct ext4_group_desc *gdp)
72 struct ext4_group_info *grp;
73 struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
74 J_ASSERT_BH(bh, buffer_locked(bh));
76 /* If checksum is bad mark all blocks and inodes use to prevent
77 * allocation, essentially implementing a per-group read-only flag. */
78 if (!ext4_group_desc_csum_verify(sb, block_group, gdp)) {
79 ext4_error(sb, "Checksum bad for group %u", block_group);
80 grp = ext4_get_group_info(sb, block_group);
81 if (!EXT4_MB_GRP_BBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp))
82 percpu_counter_sub(&sbi->s_freeclusters_counter,
84 set_bit(EXT4_GROUP_INFO_BBITMAP_CORRUPT_BIT, &grp->bb_state);
85 if (!EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp)) {
87 count = ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, gdp);
88 percpu_counter_sub(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter,
91 set_bit(EXT4_GROUP_INFO_IBITMAP_CORRUPT_BIT, &grp->bb_state);
95 memset(bh->b_data, 0, (EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) + 7) / 8);
96 ext4_mark_bitmap_end(EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb), sb->s_blocksize * 8,
98 ext4_inode_bitmap_csum_set(sb, block_group, gdp, bh,
99 EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) / 8);
100 ext4_group_desc_csum_set(sb, block_group, gdp);
105 void ext4_end_bitmap_read(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate)
108 set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
109 set_bitmap_uptodate(bh);
115 static int ext4_validate_inode_bitmap(struct super_block *sb,
116 struct ext4_group_desc *desc,
117 ext4_group_t block_group,
118 struct buffer_head *bh)
121 struct ext4_group_info *grp = ext4_get_group_info(sb, block_group);
122 struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
124 if (buffer_verified(bh))
126 if (EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp))
127 return -EFSCORRUPTED;
129 ext4_lock_group(sb, block_group);
130 blk = ext4_inode_bitmap(sb, desc);
131 if (!ext4_inode_bitmap_csum_verify(sb, block_group, desc, bh,
132 EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) / 8)) {
133 ext4_unlock_group(sb, block_group);
134 ext4_error(sb, "Corrupt inode bitmap - block_group = %u, "
135 "inode_bitmap = %llu", block_group, blk);
136 grp = ext4_get_group_info(sb, block_group);
137 if (!EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp)) {
139 count = ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, desc);
140 percpu_counter_sub(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter,
143 set_bit(EXT4_GROUP_INFO_IBITMAP_CORRUPT_BIT, &grp->bb_state);
146 set_buffer_verified(bh);
147 ext4_unlock_group(sb, block_group);
152 * Read the inode allocation bitmap for a given block_group, reading
153 * into the specified slot in the superblock's bitmap cache.
155 * Return buffer_head of bitmap on success or NULL.
157 static struct buffer_head *
158 ext4_read_inode_bitmap(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t block_group)
160 struct ext4_group_desc *desc;
161 struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
162 ext4_fsblk_t bitmap_blk;
165 desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, block_group, NULL);
167 return ERR_PTR(-EFSCORRUPTED);
169 bitmap_blk = ext4_inode_bitmap(sb, desc);
170 bh = sb_getblk(sb, bitmap_blk);
172 ext4_error(sb, "Cannot read inode bitmap - "
173 "block_group = %u, inode_bitmap = %llu",
174 block_group, bitmap_blk);
175 return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
177 if (bitmap_uptodate(bh))
181 if (bitmap_uptodate(bh)) {
186 ext4_lock_group(sb, block_group);
187 if (desc->bg_flags & cpu_to_le16(EXT4_BG_INODE_UNINIT)) {
188 err = ext4_init_inode_bitmap(sb, bh, block_group, desc);
189 set_bitmap_uptodate(bh);
190 set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
191 set_buffer_verified(bh);
192 ext4_unlock_group(sb, block_group);
198 ext4_unlock_group(sb, block_group);
200 if (buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
202 * if not uninit if bh is uptodate,
203 * bitmap is also uptodate
205 set_bitmap_uptodate(bh);
210 * submit the buffer_head for reading
212 trace_ext4_load_inode_bitmap(sb, block_group);
213 bh->b_end_io = ext4_end_bitmap_read;
215 submit_bh(READ | REQ_META | REQ_PRIO, bh);
217 if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
219 ext4_error(sb, "Cannot read inode bitmap - "
220 "block_group = %u, inode_bitmap = %llu",
221 block_group, bitmap_blk);
222 return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
226 err = ext4_validate_inode_bitmap(sb, desc, block_group, bh);
236 * NOTE! When we get the inode, we're the only people
237 * that have access to it, and as such there are no
238 * race conditions we have to worry about. The inode
239 * is not on the hash-lists, and it cannot be reached
240 * through the filesystem because the directory entry
241 * has been deleted earlier.
243 * HOWEVER: we must make sure that we get no aliases,
244 * which means that we have to call "clear_inode()"
245 * _before_ we mark the inode not in use in the inode
246 * bitmaps. Otherwise a newly created file might use
247 * the same inode number (not actually the same pointer
248 * though), and then we'd have two inodes sharing the
249 * same inode number and space on the harddisk.
251 void ext4_free_inode(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode)
253 struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
256 struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
257 struct buffer_head *bh2;
258 ext4_group_t block_group;
260 struct ext4_group_desc *gdp;
261 struct ext4_super_block *es;
262 struct ext4_sb_info *sbi;
263 int fatal = 0, err, count, cleared;
264 struct ext4_group_info *grp;
267 printk(KERN_ERR "EXT4-fs: %s:%d: inode on "
268 "nonexistent device\n", __func__, __LINE__);
271 if (atomic_read(&inode->i_count) > 1) {
272 ext4_msg(sb, KERN_ERR, "%s:%d: inode #%lu: count=%d",
273 __func__, __LINE__, inode->i_ino,
274 atomic_read(&inode->i_count));
277 if (inode->i_nlink) {
278 ext4_msg(sb, KERN_ERR, "%s:%d: inode #%lu: nlink=%d\n",
279 __func__, __LINE__, inode->i_ino, inode->i_nlink);
285 ext4_debug("freeing inode %lu\n", ino);
286 trace_ext4_free_inode(inode);
289 * Note: we must free any quota before locking the superblock,
290 * as writing the quota to disk may need the lock as well.
292 dquot_initialize(inode);
293 ext4_xattr_delete_inode(handle, inode);
294 dquot_free_inode(inode);
297 is_directory = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode);
299 /* Do this BEFORE marking the inode not in use or returning an error */
300 ext4_clear_inode(inode);
302 es = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es;
303 if (ino < EXT4_FIRST_INO(sb) || ino > le32_to_cpu(es->s_inodes_count)) {
304 ext4_error(sb, "reserved or nonexistent inode %lu", ino);
307 block_group = (ino - 1) / EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
308 bit = (ino - 1) % EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
309 bitmap_bh = ext4_read_inode_bitmap(sb, block_group);
310 /* Don't bother if the inode bitmap is corrupt. */
311 grp = ext4_get_group_info(sb, block_group);
312 if (IS_ERR(bitmap_bh)) {
313 fatal = PTR_ERR(bitmap_bh);
317 if (unlikely(EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp))) {
318 fatal = -EFSCORRUPTED;
322 BUFFER_TRACE(bitmap_bh, "get_write_access");
323 fatal = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, bitmap_bh);
328 gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, block_group, &bh2);
330 BUFFER_TRACE(bh2, "get_write_access");
331 fatal = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, bh2);
333 ext4_lock_group(sb, block_group);
334 cleared = ext4_test_and_clear_bit(bit, bitmap_bh->b_data);
335 if (fatal || !cleared) {
336 ext4_unlock_group(sb, block_group);
340 count = ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, gdp) + 1;
341 ext4_free_inodes_set(sb, gdp, count);
343 count = ext4_used_dirs_count(sb, gdp) - 1;
344 ext4_used_dirs_set(sb, gdp, count);
345 percpu_counter_dec(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
347 ext4_inode_bitmap_csum_set(sb, block_group, gdp, bitmap_bh,
348 EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) / 8);
349 ext4_group_desc_csum_set(sb, block_group, gdp);
350 ext4_unlock_group(sb, block_group);
352 percpu_counter_inc(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
353 if (sbi->s_log_groups_per_flex) {
354 ext4_group_t f = ext4_flex_group(sbi, block_group);
356 atomic_inc(&sbi->s_flex_groups[f].free_inodes);
358 atomic_dec(&sbi->s_flex_groups[f].used_dirs);
360 BUFFER_TRACE(bh2, "call ext4_handle_dirty_metadata");
361 fatal = ext4_handle_dirty_metadata(handle, NULL, bh2);
364 BUFFER_TRACE(bitmap_bh, "call ext4_handle_dirty_metadata");
365 err = ext4_handle_dirty_metadata(handle, NULL, bitmap_bh);
369 ext4_error(sb, "bit already cleared for inode %lu", ino);
370 if (gdp && !EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp)) {
372 count = ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, gdp);
373 percpu_counter_sub(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter,
376 set_bit(EXT4_GROUP_INFO_IBITMAP_CORRUPT_BIT, &grp->bb_state);
381 ext4_std_error(sb, fatal);
391 * Helper function for Orlov's allocator; returns critical information
392 * for a particular block group or flex_bg. If flex_size is 1, then g
393 * is a block group number; otherwise it is flex_bg number.
395 static void get_orlov_stats(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t g,
396 int flex_size, struct orlov_stats *stats)
398 struct ext4_group_desc *desc;
399 struct flex_groups *flex_group = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_flex_groups;
402 stats->free_inodes = atomic_read(&flex_group[g].free_inodes);
403 stats->free_clusters = atomic64_read(&flex_group[g].free_clusters);
404 stats->used_dirs = atomic_read(&flex_group[g].used_dirs);
408 desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, g, NULL);
410 stats->free_inodes = ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, desc);
411 stats->free_clusters = ext4_free_group_clusters(sb, desc);
412 stats->used_dirs = ext4_used_dirs_count(sb, desc);
414 stats->free_inodes = 0;
415 stats->free_clusters = 0;
416 stats->used_dirs = 0;
421 * Orlov's allocator for directories.
423 * We always try to spread first-level directories.
425 * If there are blockgroups with both free inodes and free blocks counts
426 * not worse than average we return one with smallest directory count.
427 * Otherwise we simply return a random group.
429 * For the rest rules look so:
431 * It's OK to put directory into a group unless
432 * it has too many directories already (max_dirs) or
433 * it has too few free inodes left (min_inodes) or
434 * it has too few free blocks left (min_blocks) or
435 * Parent's group is preferred, if it doesn't satisfy these
436 * conditions we search cyclically through the rest. If none
437 * of the groups look good we just look for a group with more
438 * free inodes than average (starting at parent's group).
441 static int find_group_orlov(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent,
442 ext4_group_t *group, umode_t mode,
443 const struct qstr *qstr)
445 ext4_group_t parent_group = EXT4_I(parent)->i_block_group;
446 struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
447 ext4_group_t real_ngroups = ext4_get_groups_count(sb);
448 int inodes_per_group = EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
449 unsigned int freei, avefreei, grp_free;
450 ext4_fsblk_t freeb, avefreec;
452 int max_dirs, min_inodes;
453 ext4_grpblk_t min_clusters;
454 ext4_group_t i, grp, g, ngroups;
455 struct ext4_group_desc *desc;
456 struct orlov_stats stats;
457 int flex_size = ext4_flex_bg_size(sbi);
458 struct dx_hash_info hinfo;
460 ngroups = real_ngroups;
462 ngroups = (real_ngroups + flex_size - 1) >>
463 sbi->s_log_groups_per_flex;
464 parent_group >>= sbi->s_log_groups_per_flex;
467 freei = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
468 avefreei = freei / ngroups;
469 freeb = EXT4_C2B(sbi,
470 percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_freeclusters_counter));
472 do_div(avefreec, ngroups);
473 ndirs = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
476 ((parent == d_inode(sb->s_root)) ||
477 (ext4_test_inode_flag(parent, EXT4_INODE_TOPDIR)))) {
478 int best_ndir = inodes_per_group;
482 hinfo.hash_version = DX_HASH_HALF_MD4;
483 hinfo.seed = sbi->s_hash_seed;
484 ext4fs_dirhash(qstr->name, qstr->len, &hinfo);
488 parent_group = (unsigned)grp % ngroups;
489 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
490 g = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
491 get_orlov_stats(sb, g, flex_size, &stats);
492 if (!stats.free_inodes)
494 if (stats.used_dirs >= best_ndir)
496 if (stats.free_inodes < avefreei)
498 if (stats.free_clusters < avefreec)
502 best_ndir = stats.used_dirs;
507 if (flex_size == 1) {
513 * We pack inodes at the beginning of the flexgroup's
514 * inode tables. Block allocation decisions will do
515 * something similar, although regular files will
516 * start at 2nd block group of the flexgroup. See
517 * ext4_ext_find_goal() and ext4_find_near().
520 for (i = 0; i < flex_size; i++) {
521 if (grp+i >= real_ngroups)
523 desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, grp+i, NULL);
524 if (desc && ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, desc)) {
532 max_dirs = ndirs / ngroups + inodes_per_group / 16;
533 min_inodes = avefreei - inodes_per_group*flex_size / 4;
536 min_clusters = avefreec - EXT4_CLUSTERS_PER_GROUP(sb)*flex_size / 4;
539 * Start looking in the flex group where we last allocated an
540 * inode for this parent directory
542 if (EXT4_I(parent)->i_last_alloc_group != ~0) {
543 parent_group = EXT4_I(parent)->i_last_alloc_group;
545 parent_group >>= sbi->s_log_groups_per_flex;
548 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
549 grp = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
550 get_orlov_stats(sb, grp, flex_size, &stats);
551 if (stats.used_dirs >= max_dirs)
553 if (stats.free_inodes < min_inodes)
555 if (stats.free_clusters < min_clusters)
561 ngroups = real_ngroups;
562 avefreei = freei / ngroups;
564 parent_group = EXT4_I(parent)->i_block_group;
565 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
566 grp = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
567 desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, grp, NULL);
569 grp_free = ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, desc);
570 if (grp_free && grp_free >= avefreei) {
579 * The free-inodes counter is approximate, and for really small
580 * filesystems the above test can fail to find any blockgroups
589 static int find_group_other(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent,
590 ext4_group_t *group, umode_t mode)
592 ext4_group_t parent_group = EXT4_I(parent)->i_block_group;
593 ext4_group_t i, last, ngroups = ext4_get_groups_count(sb);
594 struct ext4_group_desc *desc;
595 int flex_size = ext4_flex_bg_size(EXT4_SB(sb));
598 * Try to place the inode is the same flex group as its
599 * parent. If we can't find space, use the Orlov algorithm to
600 * find another flex group, and store that information in the
601 * parent directory's inode information so that use that flex
602 * group for future allocations.
608 parent_group &= ~(flex_size-1);
609 last = parent_group + flex_size;
612 for (i = parent_group; i < last; i++) {
613 desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, i, NULL);
614 if (desc && ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, desc)) {
619 if (!retry && EXT4_I(parent)->i_last_alloc_group != ~0) {
621 parent_group = EXT4_I(parent)->i_last_alloc_group;
625 * If this didn't work, use the Orlov search algorithm
626 * to find a new flex group; we pass in the mode to
627 * avoid the topdir algorithms.
629 *group = parent_group + flex_size;
630 if (*group > ngroups)
632 return find_group_orlov(sb, parent, group, mode, NULL);
636 * Try to place the inode in its parent directory
638 *group = parent_group;
639 desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, *group, NULL);
640 if (desc && ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, desc) &&
641 ext4_free_group_clusters(sb, desc))
645 * We're going to place this inode in a different blockgroup from its
646 * parent. We want to cause files in a common directory to all land in
647 * the same blockgroup. But we want files which are in a different
648 * directory which shares a blockgroup with our parent to land in a
649 * different blockgroup.
651 * So add our directory's i_ino into the starting point for the hash.
653 *group = (*group + parent->i_ino) % ngroups;
656 * Use a quadratic hash to find a group with a free inode and some free
659 for (i = 1; i < ngroups; i <<= 1) {
661 if (*group >= ngroups)
663 desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, *group, NULL);
664 if (desc && ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, desc) &&
665 ext4_free_group_clusters(sb, desc))
670 * That failed: try linear search for a free inode, even if that group
671 * has no free blocks.
673 *group = parent_group;
674 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
675 if (++*group >= ngroups)
677 desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, *group, NULL);
678 if (desc && ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, desc))
686 * In no journal mode, if an inode has recently been deleted, we want
687 * to avoid reusing it until we're reasonably sure the inode table
688 * block has been written back to disk. (Yes, these values are
689 * somewhat arbitrary...)
691 #define RECENTCY_MIN 5
692 #define RECENTCY_DIRTY 30
694 static int recently_deleted(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t group, int ino)
696 struct ext4_group_desc *gdp;
697 struct ext4_inode *raw_inode;
698 struct buffer_head *bh;
699 unsigned long dtime, now;
700 int inodes_per_block = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_inodes_per_block;
701 int offset, ret = 0, recentcy = RECENTCY_MIN;
703 gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, group, NULL);
707 bh = sb_getblk(sb, ext4_inode_table(sb, gdp) +
708 (ino / inodes_per_block));
709 if (unlikely(!bh) || !buffer_uptodate(bh))
711 * If the block is not in the buffer cache, then it
712 * must have been written out.
716 offset = (ino % inodes_per_block) * EXT4_INODE_SIZE(sb);
717 raw_inode = (struct ext4_inode *) (bh->b_data + offset);
718 dtime = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_dtime);
720 if (buffer_dirty(bh))
721 recentcy += RECENTCY_DIRTY;
723 if (dtime && (dtime < now) && (now < dtime + recentcy))
731 * There are two policies for allocating an inode. If the new inode is
732 * a directory, then a forward search is made for a block group with both
733 * free space and a low directory-to-inode ratio; if that fails, then of
734 * the groups with above-average free space, that group with the fewest
735 * directories already is chosen.
737 * For other inodes, search forward from the parent directory's block
738 * group to find a free inode.
740 struct inode *__ext4_new_inode(handle_t *handle, struct inode *dir,
741 umode_t mode, const struct qstr *qstr,
742 __u32 goal, uid_t *owner, int handle_type,
743 unsigned int line_no, int nblocks)
745 struct super_block *sb;
746 struct buffer_head *inode_bitmap_bh = NULL;
747 struct buffer_head *group_desc_bh;
748 ext4_group_t ngroups, group = 0;
749 unsigned long ino = 0;
751 struct ext4_group_desc *gdp = NULL;
752 struct ext4_inode_info *ei;
753 struct ext4_sb_info *sbi;
757 ext4_group_t flex_group;
758 struct ext4_group_info *grp;
761 /* Cannot create files in a deleted directory */
762 if (!dir || !dir->i_nlink)
763 return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
765 if ((ext4_encrypted_inode(dir) ||
766 DUMMY_ENCRYPTION_ENABLED(EXT4_SB(dir->i_sb))) &&
767 (S_ISREG(mode) || S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode))) {
768 err = ext4_get_encryption_info(dir);
771 if (ext4_encryption_info(dir) == NULL)
772 return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
774 nblocks += EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(dir->i_sb);
779 ngroups = ext4_get_groups_count(sb);
780 trace_ext4_request_inode(dir, mode);
781 inode = new_inode(sb);
783 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
788 * Initalize owners and quota early so that we don't have to account
789 * for quota initialization worst case in standard inode creating
793 inode->i_mode = mode;
794 i_uid_write(inode, owner[0]);
795 i_gid_write(inode, owner[1]);
796 } else if (test_opt(sb, GRPID)) {
797 inode->i_mode = mode;
798 inode->i_uid = current_fsuid();
799 inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid;
801 inode_init_owner(inode, dir, mode);
803 if (EXT4_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb, EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_PROJECT) &&
804 ext4_test_inode_flag(dir, EXT4_INODE_PROJINHERIT))
805 ei->i_projid = EXT4_I(dir)->i_projid;
807 ei->i_projid = make_kprojid(&init_user_ns, EXT4_DEF_PROJID);
809 err = dquot_initialize(inode);
814 goal = sbi->s_inode_goal;
816 if (goal && goal <= le32_to_cpu(sbi->s_es->s_inodes_count)) {
817 group = (goal - 1) / EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
818 ino = (goal - 1) % EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
824 ret2 = find_group_orlov(sb, dir, &group, mode, qstr);
826 ret2 = find_group_other(sb, dir, &group, mode);
829 EXT4_I(dir)->i_last_alloc_group = group;
835 * Normally we will only go through one pass of this loop,
836 * unless we get unlucky and it turns out the group we selected
837 * had its last inode grabbed by someone else.
839 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++, ino = 0) {
842 gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, group, &group_desc_bh);
847 * Check free inodes count before loading bitmap.
849 if (ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, gdp) == 0) {
850 if (++group == ngroups)
855 grp = ext4_get_group_info(sb, group);
856 /* Skip groups with already-known suspicious inode tables */
857 if (EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp)) {
858 if (++group == ngroups)
863 brelse(inode_bitmap_bh);
864 inode_bitmap_bh = ext4_read_inode_bitmap(sb, group);
865 /* Skip groups with suspicious inode tables */
866 if (EXT4_MB_GRP_IBITMAP_CORRUPT(grp) ||
867 IS_ERR(inode_bitmap_bh)) {
868 inode_bitmap_bh = NULL;
869 if (++group == ngroups)
874 repeat_in_this_group:
875 ino = ext4_find_next_zero_bit((unsigned long *)
876 inode_bitmap_bh->b_data,
877 EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb), ino);
878 if (ino >= EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb))
880 if (group == 0 && (ino+1) < EXT4_FIRST_INO(sb)) {
881 ext4_error(sb, "reserved inode found cleared - "
882 "inode=%lu", ino + 1);
885 if ((EXT4_SB(sb)->s_journal == NULL) &&
886 recently_deleted(sb, group, ino)) {
891 BUG_ON(nblocks <= 0);
892 handle = __ext4_journal_start_sb(dir->i_sb, line_no,
893 handle_type, nblocks,
895 if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
896 err = PTR_ERR(handle);
897 ext4_std_error(sb, err);
901 BUFFER_TRACE(inode_bitmap_bh, "get_write_access");
902 err = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, inode_bitmap_bh);
904 ext4_std_error(sb, err);
907 ext4_lock_group(sb, group);
908 ret2 = ext4_test_and_set_bit(ino, inode_bitmap_bh->b_data);
909 ext4_unlock_group(sb, group);
910 ino++; /* the inode bitmap is zero-based */
912 goto got; /* we grabbed the inode! */
914 if (ino < EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb))
915 goto repeat_in_this_group;
917 if (++group == ngroups)
924 BUFFER_TRACE(inode_bitmap_bh, "call ext4_handle_dirty_metadata");
925 err = ext4_handle_dirty_metadata(handle, NULL, inode_bitmap_bh);
927 ext4_std_error(sb, err);
931 BUFFER_TRACE(group_desc_bh, "get_write_access");
932 err = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, group_desc_bh);
934 ext4_std_error(sb, err);
938 /* We may have to initialize the block bitmap if it isn't already */
939 if (ext4_has_group_desc_csum(sb) &&
940 gdp->bg_flags & cpu_to_le16(EXT4_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT)) {
941 struct buffer_head *block_bitmap_bh;
943 block_bitmap_bh = ext4_read_block_bitmap(sb, group);
944 if (IS_ERR(block_bitmap_bh)) {
945 err = PTR_ERR(block_bitmap_bh);
948 BUFFER_TRACE(block_bitmap_bh, "get block bitmap access");
949 err = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, block_bitmap_bh);
951 brelse(block_bitmap_bh);
952 ext4_std_error(sb, err);
956 BUFFER_TRACE(block_bitmap_bh, "dirty block bitmap");
957 err = ext4_handle_dirty_metadata(handle, NULL, block_bitmap_bh);
959 /* recheck and clear flag under lock if we still need to */
960 ext4_lock_group(sb, group);
961 if (gdp->bg_flags & cpu_to_le16(EXT4_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT)) {
962 gdp->bg_flags &= cpu_to_le16(~EXT4_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT);
963 ext4_free_group_clusters_set(sb, gdp,
964 ext4_free_clusters_after_init(sb, group, gdp));
965 ext4_block_bitmap_csum_set(sb, group, gdp,
967 ext4_group_desc_csum_set(sb, group, gdp);
969 ext4_unlock_group(sb, group);
970 brelse(block_bitmap_bh);
973 ext4_std_error(sb, err);
978 /* Update the relevant bg descriptor fields */
979 if (ext4_has_group_desc_csum(sb)) {
981 struct ext4_group_info *grp = ext4_get_group_info(sb, group);
983 down_read(&grp->alloc_sem); /* protect vs itable lazyinit */
984 ext4_lock_group(sb, group); /* while we modify the bg desc */
985 free = EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) -
986 ext4_itable_unused_count(sb, gdp);
987 if (gdp->bg_flags & cpu_to_le16(EXT4_BG_INODE_UNINIT)) {
988 gdp->bg_flags &= cpu_to_le16(~EXT4_BG_INODE_UNINIT);
992 * Check the relative inode number against the last used
993 * relative inode number in this group. if it is greater
994 * we need to update the bg_itable_unused count
997 ext4_itable_unused_set(sb, gdp,
998 (EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) - ino));
999 up_read(&grp->alloc_sem);
1001 ext4_lock_group(sb, group);
1004 ext4_free_inodes_set(sb, gdp, ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, gdp) - 1);
1005 if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
1006 ext4_used_dirs_set(sb, gdp, ext4_used_dirs_count(sb, gdp) + 1);
1007 if (sbi->s_log_groups_per_flex) {
1008 ext4_group_t f = ext4_flex_group(sbi, group);
1010 atomic_inc(&sbi->s_flex_groups[f].used_dirs);
1013 if (ext4_has_group_desc_csum(sb)) {
1014 ext4_inode_bitmap_csum_set(sb, group, gdp, inode_bitmap_bh,
1015 EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) / 8);
1016 ext4_group_desc_csum_set(sb, group, gdp);
1018 ext4_unlock_group(sb, group);
1020 BUFFER_TRACE(group_desc_bh, "call ext4_handle_dirty_metadata");
1021 err = ext4_handle_dirty_metadata(handle, NULL, group_desc_bh);
1023 ext4_std_error(sb, err);
1027 percpu_counter_dec(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
1029 percpu_counter_inc(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
1031 if (sbi->s_log_groups_per_flex) {
1032 flex_group = ext4_flex_group(sbi, group);
1033 atomic_dec(&sbi->s_flex_groups[flex_group].free_inodes);
1036 inode->i_ino = ino + group * EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
1037 /* This is the optimal IO size (for stat), not the fs block size */
1038 inode->i_blocks = 0;
1039 inode->i_mtime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_ctime = ei->i_crtime =
1040 ext4_current_time(inode);
1042 memset(ei->i_data, 0, sizeof(ei->i_data));
1043 ei->i_dir_start_lookup = 0;
1046 /* Don't inherit extent flag from directory, amongst others. */
1048 ext4_mask_flags(mode, EXT4_I(dir)->i_flags & EXT4_FL_INHERITED);
1051 ei->i_block_group = group;
1052 ei->i_last_alloc_group = ~0;
1054 ext4_set_inode_flags(inode);
1055 if (IS_DIRSYNC(inode))
1056 ext4_handle_sync(handle);
1057 if (insert_inode_locked(inode) < 0) {
1059 * Likely a bitmap corruption causing inode to be allocated
1063 ext4_error(sb, "failed to insert inode %lu: doubly allocated?",
1067 spin_lock(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);
1068 inode->i_generation = sbi->s_next_generation++;
1069 spin_unlock(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);
1071 /* Precompute checksum seed for inode metadata */
1072 if (ext4_has_metadata_csum(sb)) {
1074 __le32 inum = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_ino);
1075 __le32 gen = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_generation);
1076 csum = ext4_chksum(sbi, sbi->s_csum_seed, (__u8 *)&inum,
1078 ei->i_csum_seed = ext4_chksum(sbi, csum, (__u8 *)&gen,
1082 ext4_clear_state_flags(ei); /* Only relevant on 32-bit archs */
1083 ext4_set_inode_state(inode, EXT4_STATE_NEW);
1085 ei->i_extra_isize = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_want_extra_isize;
1086 ei->i_inline_off = 0;
1087 if (ext4_has_feature_inline_data(sb))
1088 ext4_set_inode_state(inode, EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA);
1090 err = dquot_alloc_inode(inode);
1094 err = ext4_init_acl(handle, inode, dir);
1096 goto fail_free_drop;
1098 err = ext4_init_security(handle, inode, dir, qstr);
1100 goto fail_free_drop;
1102 if (ext4_has_feature_extents(sb)) {
1103 /* set extent flag only for directory, file and normal symlink*/
1104 if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISREG(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode)) {
1105 ext4_set_inode_flag(inode, EXT4_INODE_EXTENTS);
1106 ext4_ext_tree_init(handle, inode);
1110 if (ext4_handle_valid(handle)) {
1111 ei->i_sync_tid = handle->h_transaction->t_tid;
1112 ei->i_datasync_tid = handle->h_transaction->t_tid;
1116 err = ext4_inherit_context(dir, inode);
1118 goto fail_free_drop;
1121 err = ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
1123 ext4_std_error(sb, err);
1124 goto fail_free_drop;
1127 ext4_debug("allocating inode %lu\n", inode->i_ino);
1128 trace_ext4_allocate_inode(inode, dir, mode);
1129 brelse(inode_bitmap_bh);
1133 dquot_free_inode(inode);
1136 unlock_new_inode(inode);
1139 inode->i_flags |= S_NOQUOTA;
1141 brelse(inode_bitmap_bh);
1142 return ERR_PTR(err);
1145 /* Verify that we are loading a valid orphan from disk */
1146 struct inode *ext4_orphan_get(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino)
1148 unsigned long max_ino = le32_to_cpu(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es->s_inodes_count);
1149 ext4_group_t block_group;
1151 struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh;
1152 struct inode *inode = NULL;
1155 /* Error cases - e2fsck has already cleaned up for us */
1156 if (ino > max_ino) {
1157 ext4_warning(sb, "bad orphan ino %lu! e2fsck was run?", ino);
1158 err = -EFSCORRUPTED;
1162 block_group = (ino - 1) / EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
1163 bit = (ino - 1) % EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
1164 bitmap_bh = ext4_read_inode_bitmap(sb, block_group);
1165 if (IS_ERR(bitmap_bh)) {
1166 err = PTR_ERR(bitmap_bh);
1167 ext4_warning(sb, "inode bitmap error %ld for orphan %lu",
1172 /* Having the inode bit set should be a 100% indicator that this
1173 * is a valid orphan (no e2fsck run on fs). Orphans also include
1174 * inodes that were being truncated, so we can't check i_nlink==0.
1176 if (!ext4_test_bit(bit, bitmap_bh->b_data))
1179 inode = ext4_iget(sb, ino);
1184 * If the orphans has i_nlinks > 0 then it should be able to be
1185 * truncated, otherwise it won't be removed from the orphan list
1186 * during processing and an infinite loop will result.
1188 if (inode->i_nlink && !ext4_can_truncate(inode))
1191 if (NEXT_ORPHAN(inode) > max_ino)
1197 err = PTR_ERR(inode);
1200 ext4_warning(sb, "bad orphan inode %lu! e2fsck was run?", ino);
1201 printk(KERN_WARNING "ext4_test_bit(bit=%d, block=%llu) = %d\n",
1202 bit, (unsigned long long)bitmap_bh->b_blocknr,
1203 ext4_test_bit(bit, bitmap_bh->b_data));
1204 printk(KERN_WARNING "inode=%p\n", inode);
1206 printk(KERN_WARNING "is_bad_inode(inode)=%d\n",
1207 is_bad_inode(inode));
1208 printk(KERN_WARNING "NEXT_ORPHAN(inode)=%u\n",
1209 NEXT_ORPHAN(inode));
1210 printk(KERN_WARNING "max_ino=%lu\n", max_ino);
1211 printk(KERN_WARNING "i_nlink=%u\n", inode->i_nlink);
1212 /* Avoid freeing blocks if we got a bad deleted inode */
1213 if (inode->i_nlink == 0)
1214 inode->i_blocks = 0;
1219 return ERR_PTR(err);
1222 unsigned long ext4_count_free_inodes(struct super_block *sb)
1224 unsigned long desc_count;
1225 struct ext4_group_desc *gdp;
1226 ext4_group_t i, ngroups = ext4_get_groups_count(sb);
1228 struct ext4_super_block *es;
1229 unsigned long bitmap_count, x;
1230 struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
1232 es = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es;
1236 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
1237 gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, i, NULL);
1240 desc_count += ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, gdp);
1242 bitmap_bh = ext4_read_inode_bitmap(sb, i);
1243 if (IS_ERR(bitmap_bh)) {
1248 x = ext4_count_free(bitmap_bh->b_data,
1249 EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) / 8);
1250 printk(KERN_DEBUG "group %lu: stored = %d, counted = %lu\n",
1251 (unsigned long) i, ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, gdp), x);
1255 printk(KERN_DEBUG "ext4_count_free_inodes: "
1256 "stored = %u, computed = %lu, %lu\n",
1257 le32_to_cpu(es->s_free_inodes_count), desc_count, bitmap_count);
1261 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
1262 gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, i, NULL);
1265 desc_count += ext4_free_inodes_count(sb, gdp);
1272 /* Called at mount-time, super-block is locked */
1273 unsigned long ext4_count_dirs(struct super_block * sb)
1275 unsigned long count = 0;
1276 ext4_group_t i, ngroups = ext4_get_groups_count(sb);
1278 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
1279 struct ext4_group_desc *gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, i, NULL);
1282 count += ext4_used_dirs_count(sb, gdp);
1288 * Zeroes not yet zeroed inode table - just write zeroes through the whole
1289 * inode table. Must be called without any spinlock held. The only place
1290 * where it is called from on active part of filesystem is ext4lazyinit
1291 * thread, so we do not need any special locks, however we have to prevent
1292 * inode allocation from the current group, so we take alloc_sem lock, to
1293 * block ext4_new_inode() until we are finished.
1295 int ext4_init_inode_table(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t group,
1298 struct ext4_group_info *grp = ext4_get_group_info(sb, group);
1299 struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
1300 struct ext4_group_desc *gdp = NULL;
1301 struct buffer_head *group_desc_bh;
1304 int num, ret = 0, used_blks = 0;
1306 /* This should not happen, but just to be sure check this */
1307 if (sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY) {
1312 gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, group, &group_desc_bh);
1317 * We do not need to lock this, because we are the only one
1318 * handling this flag.
1320 if (gdp->bg_flags & cpu_to_le16(EXT4_BG_INODE_ZEROED))
1323 handle = ext4_journal_start_sb(sb, EXT4_HT_MISC, 1);
1324 if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
1325 ret = PTR_ERR(handle);
1329 down_write(&grp->alloc_sem);
1331 * If inode bitmap was already initialized there may be some
1332 * used inodes so we need to skip blocks with used inodes in
1335 if (!(gdp->bg_flags & cpu_to_le16(EXT4_BG_INODE_UNINIT)))
1336 used_blks = DIV_ROUND_UP((EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) -
1337 ext4_itable_unused_count(sb, gdp)),
1338 sbi->s_inodes_per_block);
1340 if ((used_blks < 0) || (used_blks > sbi->s_itb_per_group)) {
1341 ext4_error(sb, "Something is wrong with group %u: "
1342 "used itable blocks: %d; "
1343 "itable unused count: %u",
1345 ext4_itable_unused_count(sb, gdp));
1350 blk = ext4_inode_table(sb, gdp) + used_blks;
1351 num = sbi->s_itb_per_group - used_blks;
1353 BUFFER_TRACE(group_desc_bh, "get_write_access");
1354 ret = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle,
1360 * Skip zeroout if the inode table is full. But we set the ZEROED
1361 * flag anyway, because obviously, when it is full it does not need
1364 if (unlikely(num == 0))
1367 ext4_debug("going to zero out inode table in group %d\n",
1369 ret = sb_issue_zeroout(sb, blk, num, GFP_NOFS);
1373 blkdev_issue_flush(sb->s_bdev, GFP_NOFS, NULL);
1376 ext4_lock_group(sb, group);
1377 gdp->bg_flags |= cpu_to_le16(EXT4_BG_INODE_ZEROED);
1378 ext4_group_desc_csum_set(sb, group, gdp);
1379 ext4_unlock_group(sb, group);
1381 BUFFER_TRACE(group_desc_bh,
1382 "call ext4_handle_dirty_metadata");
1383 ret = ext4_handle_dirty_metadata(handle, NULL,
1387 up_write(&grp->alloc_sem);
1388 ext4_journal_stop(handle);