Merge master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/chrisw/lsm-2.6
[cascardo/linux.git] / security / seclvl.c
1 /**
2  * BSD Secure Levels LSM
3  *
4  * Maintainers:
5  *      Michael A. Halcrow <mike@halcrow.us>
6  *      Serge Hallyn <hallyn@cs.wm.edu>
7  *
8  * Copyright (c) 2001 WireX Communications, Inc <chris@wirex.com>
9  * Copyright (c) 2001 Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
10  * Copyright (c) 2002 International Business Machines <robb@austin.ibm.com>
11  *
12  *      This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
13  *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
14  *      the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
15  *      (at your option) any later version.
16  */
17
18 #include <linux/config.h>
19 #include <linux/module.h>
20 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
21 #include <linux/kernel.h>
22 #include <linux/init.h>
23 #include <linux/security.h>
24 #include <linux/netlink.h>
25 #include <linux/fs.h>
26 #include <linux/namei.h>
27 #include <linux/mount.h>
28 #include <linux/capability.h>
29 #include <linux/time.h>
30 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
31 #include <linux/kobject.h>
32 #include <linux/crypto.h>
33 #include <asm/scatterlist.h>
34 #include <linux/gfp.h>
35 #include <linux/sysfs.h>
36
37 #define SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE 20
38
39 /**
40  * Module parameter that defines the initial secure level.
41  *
42  * When built as a module, it defaults to seclvl 1, which is the
43  * behavior of BSD secure levels.  Note that this default behavior
44  * wrecks havoc on a machine when the seclvl module is compiled into
45  * the kernel.  In that case, we default to seclvl 0.
46  */
47 #ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_SECLVL_MODULE
48 static int initlvl = 1;
49 #else
50 static int initlvl;
51 #endif
52 module_param(initlvl, int, 0);
53 MODULE_PARM_DESC(initlvl, "Initial secure level (defaults to 1)");
54
55 /* Module parameter that defines the verbosity level */
56 static int verbosity;
57 module_param(verbosity, int, 0);
58 MODULE_PARM_DESC(verbosity, "Initial verbosity level (0 or 1; defaults to "
59                  "0, which is Quiet)");
60
61 /**
62  * Optional password which can be passed in to bring seclvl to 0
63  * (i.e., for halt/reboot).  Defaults to NULL (the passwd attribute
64  * file will not be registered in sysfs).
65  *
66  * This gets converted to its SHA1 hash when stored.  It's probably
67  * not a good idea to use this parameter when loading seclvl from a
68  * script; use sha1_passwd instead.
69  */
70
71 #define MAX_PASSWD_SIZE 32
72 static char passwd[MAX_PASSWD_SIZE];
73 module_param_string(passwd, passwd, sizeof(passwd), 0);
74 MODULE_PARM_DESC(passwd,
75                  "Plaintext of password that sets seclvl=0 when written to "
76                  "(sysfs mount point)/seclvl/passwd\n");
77
78 /**
79  * SHA1 hashed version of the optional password which can be passed in
80  * to bring seclvl to 0 (i.e., for halt/reboot).  Must be in
81  * hexadecimal format (40 characters).  Defaults to NULL (the passwd
82  * attribute file will not be registered in sysfs).
83  *
84  * Use the sha1sum utility to generate the SHA1 hash of a password:
85  *
86  * echo -n "secret" | sha1sum
87  */
88 #define MAX_SHA1_PASSWD 41
89 static char sha1_passwd[MAX_SHA1_PASSWD];
90 module_param_string(sha1_passwd, sha1_passwd, sizeof(sha1_passwd), 0);
91 MODULE_PARM_DESC(sha1_passwd,
92                  "SHA1 hash (40 hexadecimal characters) of password that "
93                  "sets seclvl=0 when plaintext password is written to "
94                  "(sysfs mount point)/seclvl/passwd\n");
95
96 static int hideHash = 1;
97 module_param(hideHash, int, 0);
98 MODULE_PARM_DESC(hideHash, "When set to 0, reading seclvl/passwd from sysfs "
99                  "will return the SHA1-hashed value of the password that "
100                  "lowers the secure level to 0.\n");
101
102 #define MY_NAME "seclvl"
103
104 /**
105  * This time-limits log writes to one per second.
106  */
107 #define seclvl_printk(verb, type, fmt, arg...)                  \
108         do {                                                    \
109                 if (verbosity >= verb) {                        \
110                         static unsigned long _prior;            \
111                         unsigned long _now = jiffies;           \
112                         if ((_now - _prior) > HZ) {             \
113                                 printk(type "%s: %s: " fmt,     \
114                                         MY_NAME, __FUNCTION__ , \
115                                         ## arg);                \
116                                 _prior = _now;                  \
117                         }                                       \
118                 }                                               \
119         } while (0)
120
121 /**
122  * The actual security level.  Ranges between -1 and 2 inclusive.
123  */
124 static int seclvl;
125
126 /**
127  * flag to keep track of how we were registered
128  */
129 static int secondary;
130
131 /**
132  * Verifies that the requested secure level is valid, given the current
133  * secure level.
134  */
135 static int seclvl_sanity(int reqlvl)
136 {
137         if ((reqlvl < -1) || (reqlvl > 2)) {
138                 seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to set seclvl out of "
139                               "range: [%d]\n", reqlvl);
140                 return -EINVAL;
141         }
142         if ((seclvl == 0) && (reqlvl == -1))
143                 return 0;
144         if (reqlvl < seclvl) {
145                 seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to lower seclvl to "
146                               "[%d]\n", reqlvl);
147                 return -EPERM;
148         }
149         return 0;
150 }
151
152 /**
153  * security level advancement rules:
154  *   Valid levels are -1 through 2, inclusive.
155  *   From -1, stuck.  [ in case compiled into kernel ]
156  *   From 0 or above, can only increment.
157  */
158 static void do_seclvl_advance(void *data, u64 val)
159 {
160         int ret;
161         int newlvl = (int)val;
162
163         ret = seclvl_sanity(newlvl);
164         if (ret)
165                 return;
166
167         if (newlvl > 2) {
168                 seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Cannot advance to seclvl "
169                               "[%d]\n", newlvl);
170                 return;
171         }
172         if (seclvl == -1) {
173                 seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Not allowed to advance to "
174                               "seclvl [%d]\n", seclvl);
175                 return;
176         }
177         seclvl = newlvl;  /* would it be more "correct" to set *data? */
178         return;
179 }
180
181 static u64 seclvl_int_get(void *data)
182 {
183         return *(int *)data;
184 }
185
186 DEFINE_SIMPLE_ATTRIBUTE(seclvl_file_ops, seclvl_int_get, do_seclvl_advance, "%lld\n");
187
188 static unsigned char hashedPassword[SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE];
189
190 /**
191  * Converts a block of plaintext of into its SHA1 hashed value.
192  *
193  * It would be nice if crypto had a wrapper to do this for us linear
194  * people...
195  */
196 static int
197 plaintext_to_sha1(unsigned char *hash, const char *plaintext, int len)
198 {
199         char *pgVirtAddr;
200         struct crypto_tfm *tfm;
201         struct scatterlist sg[1];
202         if (len > PAGE_SIZE) {
203                 seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Plaintext password too large (%d "
204                               "characters).  Largest possible is %lu "
205                               "bytes.\n", len, PAGE_SIZE);
206                 return -ENOMEM;
207         }
208         tfm = crypto_alloc_tfm("sha1", CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_SLEEP);
209         if (tfm == NULL) {
210                 seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR,
211                               "Failed to load transform for SHA1\n");
212                 return -ENOSYS;
213         }
214         // Just get a new page; don't play around with page boundaries
215         // and scatterlists.
216         pgVirtAddr = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
217         sg[0].page = virt_to_page(pgVirtAddr);
218         sg[0].offset = 0;
219         sg[0].length = len;
220         strncpy(pgVirtAddr, plaintext, len);
221         crypto_digest_init(tfm);
222         crypto_digest_update(tfm, sg, 1);
223         crypto_digest_final(tfm, hash);
224         crypto_free_tfm(tfm);
225         free_page((unsigned long)pgVirtAddr);
226         return 0;
227 }
228
229 /**
230  * Called whenever the user writes to the sysfs passwd handle to this kernel
231  * object.  It hashes the password and compares the hashed results.
232  */
233 static ssize_t
234 passwd_write_file(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
235                                 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
236 {
237         int i;
238         unsigned char tmp[SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE];
239         char *page;
240         int rc;
241         int len;
242
243         if (!*passwd && !*sha1_passwd) {
244                 seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Attempt to password-unlock the "
245                               "seclvl module, but neither a plain text "
246                               "password nor a SHA1 hashed password was "
247                               "passed in as a module parameter!  This is a "
248                               "bug, since it should not be possible to be in "
249                               "this part of the module; please tell a "
250                               "maintainer about this event.\n");
251                 return -EINVAL;
252         }
253
254         if (count < 0 || count >= PAGE_SIZE)
255                 return -ENOMEM;
256         if (*ppos != 0) {
257                 return -EINVAL;
258         }
259         page = (char *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
260         if (!page)
261                 return -ENOMEM;
262         len = -EFAULT;
263         if (copy_from_user(page, buf, count))
264                 goto out;
265         
266         len = strlen(page);
267         /* ``echo "secret" > seclvl/passwd'' includes a newline */
268         if (page[len - 1] == '\n') {
269                 len--;
270         }
271         /* Hash the password, then compare the hashed values */
272         if ((rc = plaintext_to_sha1(tmp, page, len))) {
273                 seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Error hashing password: rc = "
274                               "[%d]\n", rc);
275                 return rc;
276         }
277         for (i = 0; i < SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE; i++) {
278                 if (hashedPassword[i] != tmp[i]) {
279                         return -EPERM;
280                 }
281         }
282         seclvl_printk(0, KERN_INFO,
283                       "Password accepted; seclvl reduced to 0.\n");
284         seclvl = 0;
285         len = count;
286
287 out:
288         free_page((unsigned long)page);
289         return len;
290 }
291
292 static struct file_operations passwd_file_ops = {
293         .write = passwd_write_file,
294 };
295
296 /**
297  * Explicitely disallow ptrace'ing the init process.
298  */
299 static int seclvl_ptrace(struct task_struct *parent, struct task_struct *child)
300 {
301         if (seclvl >= 0) {
302                 if (child->pid == 1) {
303                         seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to ptrace "
304                                       "the init process dissallowed in "
305                                       "secure level %d\n", seclvl);
306                         return -EPERM;
307                 }
308         }
309         return 0;
310 }
311
312 /**
313  * Capability checks for seclvl.  The majority of the policy
314  * enforcement for seclvl takes place here.
315  */
316 static int seclvl_capable(struct task_struct *tsk, int cap)
317 {
318         /* init can do anything it wants */
319         if (tsk->pid == 1)
320                 return 0;
321
322         switch (seclvl) {
323         case 2:
324                 /* fall through */
325         case 1:
326                 if (cap == CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE) {
327                         seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to modify "
328                                       "the IMMUTABLE and/or APPEND extended "
329                                       "attribute on a file with the IMMUTABLE "
330                                       "and/or APPEND extended attribute set "
331                                       "denied in seclvl [%d]\n", seclvl);
332                         return -EPERM;
333                 } else if (cap == CAP_SYS_RAWIO) {      // Somewhat broad...
334                         seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to perform "
335                                       "raw I/O while in secure level [%d] "
336                                       "denied\n", seclvl);
337                         return -EPERM;
338                 } else if (cap == CAP_NET_ADMIN) {
339                         seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to perform "
340                                       "network administrative task while "
341                                       "in secure level [%d] denied\n", seclvl);
342                         return -EPERM;
343                 } else if (cap == CAP_SETUID) {
344                         seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to setuid "
345                                       "while in secure level [%d] denied\n",
346                                       seclvl);
347                         return -EPERM;
348                 } else if (cap == CAP_SETGID) {
349                         seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to setgid "
350                                       "while in secure level [%d] denied\n",
351                                       seclvl);
352                 } else if (cap == CAP_SYS_MODULE) {
353                         seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to perform "
354                                       "a module operation while in secure "
355                                       "level [%d] denied\n", seclvl);
356                         return -EPERM;
357                 }
358                 break;
359         default:
360                 break;
361         }
362         /* from dummy.c */
363         if (cap_is_fs_cap(cap) ? tsk->fsuid == 0 : tsk->euid == 0)
364                 return 0;       /* capability granted */
365         seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Capability denied\n");
366         return -EPERM;          /* capability denied */
367 }
368
369 /**
370  * Disallow reversing the clock in seclvl > 1
371  */
372 static int seclvl_settime(struct timespec *tv, struct timezone *tz)
373 {
374         struct timespec now;
375         if (seclvl > 1) {
376                 now = current_kernel_time();
377                 if (tv->tv_sec < now.tv_sec ||
378                     (tv->tv_sec == now.tv_sec && tv->tv_nsec < now.tv_nsec)) {
379                         seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to decrement "
380                                       "time in secure level %d denied: "
381                                       "current->pid = [%d], "
382                                       "current->group_leader->pid = [%d]\n",
383                                       seclvl, current->pid,
384                                       current->group_leader->pid);
385                         return -EPERM;
386                 }               /* if attempt to decrement time */
387         }                       /* if seclvl > 1 */
388         return 0;
389 }
390
391 /* claim the blockdev to exclude mounters, release on file close */
392 static int seclvl_bd_claim(struct inode *inode)
393 {
394         int holder;
395         struct block_device *bdev = NULL;
396         dev_t dev = inode->i_rdev;
397         bdev = open_by_devnum(dev, FMODE_WRITE);
398         if (bdev) {
399                 if (bd_claim(bdev, &holder)) {
400                         blkdev_put(bdev);
401                         return -EPERM;
402                 }
403                 /* claimed, mark it to release on close */
404                 inode->i_security = current;
405         }
406         return 0;
407 }
408
409 /* release the blockdev if you claimed it */
410 static void seclvl_bd_release(struct inode *inode)
411 {
412         if (inode && S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode) && inode->i_security == current) {
413                 struct block_device *bdev = inode->i_bdev;
414                 if (bdev) {
415                         bd_release(bdev);
416                         blkdev_put(bdev);
417                         inode->i_security = NULL;
418                 }
419         }
420 }
421
422 /**
423  * Security for writes to block devices is regulated by this seclvl
424  * function.  Deny all writes to block devices in seclvl 2.  In
425  * seclvl 1, we only deny writes to *mounted* block devices.
426  */
427 static int
428 seclvl_inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask, struct nameidata *nd)
429 {
430         if (current->pid != 1 && S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode) && (mask & MAY_WRITE)) {
431                 switch (seclvl) {
432                 case 2:
433                         seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Write to block device "
434                                       "denied in secure level [%d]\n", seclvl);
435                         return -EPERM;
436                 case 1:
437                         if (seclvl_bd_claim(inode)) {
438                                 seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING,
439                                               "Write to mounted block device "
440                                               "denied in secure level [%d]\n",
441                                               seclvl);
442                                 return -EPERM;
443                         }
444                 }
445         }
446         return 0;
447 }
448
449 /**
450  * The SUID and SGID bits cannot be set in seclvl >= 1
451  */
452 static int seclvl_inode_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *iattr)
453 {
454         if (seclvl > 0) {
455                 if (iattr->ia_valid & ATTR_MODE)
456                         if (iattr->ia_mode & S_ISUID ||
457                             iattr->ia_mode & S_ISGID) {
458                                 seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to "
459                                               "modify SUID or SGID bit "
460                                               "denied in seclvl [%d]\n",
461                                               seclvl);
462                                 return -EPERM;
463                         }
464         }
465         return 0;
466 }
467
468 /* release busied block devices */
469 static void seclvl_file_free_security(struct file *filp)
470 {
471         struct dentry *dentry = filp->f_dentry;
472         struct inode *inode = NULL;
473
474         if (dentry) {
475                 inode = dentry->d_inode;
476                 seclvl_bd_release(inode);
477         }
478 }
479
480 /**
481  * Cannot unmount in secure level 2
482  */
483 static int seclvl_umount(struct vfsmount *mnt, int flags)
484 {
485         if (current->pid == 1) {
486                 return 0;
487         }
488         if (seclvl == 2) {
489                 seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to unmount in secure "
490                               "level %d\n", seclvl);
491                 return -EPERM;
492         }
493         return 0;
494 }
495
496 static struct security_operations seclvl_ops = {
497         .ptrace = seclvl_ptrace,
498         .capable = seclvl_capable,
499         .inode_permission = seclvl_inode_permission,
500         .inode_setattr = seclvl_inode_setattr,
501         .file_free_security = seclvl_file_free_security,
502         .settime = seclvl_settime,
503         .sb_umount = seclvl_umount,
504 };
505
506 /**
507  * Process the password-related module parameters
508  */
509 static int processPassword(void)
510 {
511         int rc = 0;
512         hashedPassword[0] = '\0';
513         if (*passwd) {
514                 if (*sha1_passwd) {
515                         seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Error: Both "
516                                       "passwd and sha1_passwd "
517                                       "were set, but they are mutually "
518                                       "exclusive.\n");
519                         return -EINVAL;
520                 }
521                 if ((rc = plaintext_to_sha1(hashedPassword, passwd,
522                                             strlen(passwd)))) {
523                         seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Error: SHA1 support not "
524                                       "in kernel\n");
525                         return rc;
526                 }
527                 /* All static data goes to the BSS, which zero's the
528                  * plaintext password out for us. */
529         } else if (*sha1_passwd) {      // Base 16
530                 int i;
531                 i = strlen(sha1_passwd);
532                 if (i != (SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE * 2)) {
533                         seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Received [%d] bytes; "
534                                       "expected [%d] for the hexadecimal "
535                                       "representation of the SHA1 hash of "
536                                       "the password.\n",
537                                       i, (SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE * 2));
538                         return -EINVAL;
539                 }
540                 while ((i -= 2) + 2) {
541                         unsigned char tmp;
542                         tmp = sha1_passwd[i + 2];
543                         sha1_passwd[i + 2] = '\0';
544                         hashedPassword[i / 2] = (unsigned char)
545                             simple_strtol(&sha1_passwd[i], NULL, 16);
546                         sha1_passwd[i + 2] = tmp;
547                 }
548         }
549         return 0;
550 }
551
552 /**
553  * securityfs registrations
554  */
555 struct dentry *dir_ino, *seclvl_ino, *passwd_ino;
556
557 static int seclvlfs_register(void)
558 {
559         dir_ino = securityfs_create_dir("seclvl", NULL);
560         if (!dir_ino)
561                 return -EFAULT;
562
563         seclvl_ino = securityfs_create_file("seclvl", S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
564                                 dir_ino, &seclvl, &seclvl_file_ops);
565         if (!seclvl_ino)
566                 goto out_deldir;
567         if (*passwd || *sha1_passwd) {
568                 passwd_ino = securityfs_create_file("passwd", S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
569                                 dir_ino, NULL, &passwd_file_ops);
570                 if (!passwd_ino)
571                         goto out_delf;
572         }
573         return 0;
574
575 out_deldir:
576         securityfs_remove(dir_ino);
577 out_delf:
578         securityfs_remove(seclvl_ino);
579
580         return -EFAULT;
581 }
582
583 /**
584  * Initialize the seclvl module.
585  */
586 static int __init seclvl_init(void)
587 {
588         int rc = 0;
589         if (verbosity < 0 || verbosity > 1) {
590                 printk(KERN_ERR "Error: bad verbosity [%d]; only 0 or 1 "
591                        "are valid values\n", verbosity);
592                 rc = -EINVAL;
593                 goto exit;
594         }
595         if (initlvl < -1 || initlvl > 2) {
596                 seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Error: bad initial securelevel "
597                               "[%d].\n", initlvl);
598                 rc = -EINVAL;
599                 goto exit;
600         }
601         seclvl = initlvl;
602         if ((rc = processPassword())) {
603                 seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Error processing the password "
604                               "module parameter(s): rc = [%d]\n", rc);
605                 goto exit;
606         }
607         /* register ourselves with the security framework */
608         if (register_security(&seclvl_ops)) {
609                 seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR,
610                               "seclvl: Failure registering with the "
611                               "kernel.\n");
612                 /* try registering with primary module */
613                 rc = mod_reg_security(MY_NAME, &seclvl_ops);
614                 if (rc) {
615                         seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "seclvl: Failure "
616                                       "registering with primary security "
617                                       "module.\n");
618                         goto exit;
619                 }               /* if primary module registered */
620                 secondary = 1;
621         }                       /* if we registered ourselves with the security framework */
622         if ((rc = seclvlfs_register())) {
623                 seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Error registering with sysfs\n");
624                 goto exit;
625         }
626         seclvl_printk(0, KERN_INFO, "seclvl: Successfully initialized.\n");
627  exit:
628         if (rc) {
629                 printk(KERN_ERR "seclvl: Error during initialization: rc = "
630                        "[%d]\n", rc);
631         }
632         return rc;
633 }
634
635 /**
636  * Remove the seclvl module.
637  */
638 static void __exit seclvl_exit(void)
639 {
640         securityfs_remove(seclvl_ino);
641         if (*passwd || *sha1_passwd) {
642                 securityfs_remove(passwd_ino);
643         }
644         securityfs_remove(dir_ino);
645         if (secondary == 1) {
646                 mod_unreg_security(MY_NAME, &seclvl_ops);
647         } else if (unregister_security(&seclvl_ops)) {
648                 seclvl_printk(0, KERN_INFO,
649                               "seclvl: Failure unregistering with the "
650                               "kernel\n");
651         }
652 }
653
654 module_init(seclvl_init);
655 module_exit(seclvl_exit);
656
657 MODULE_AUTHOR("Michael A. Halcrow <mike@halcrow.us>");
658 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("LSM implementation of the BSD Secure Levels");
659 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");