--- /dev/null
+GPIO-based I2C Arbitration Using a Challenge & Response Mechanism
+=================================================================
+This uses GPIO lines and a challenge & response mechanism to arbitrate who is
+the master of an I2C bus in a multimaster situation.
+
+In many cases using GPIOs to arbitrate is not needed and a design can use
+the standard I2C multi-master rules. Using GPIOs is generally useful in
+the case where there is a device on the bus that has errata and/or bugs
+that makes standard multimaster mode not feasible.
+
+
+Algorithm:
+
+All masters on the bus have a 'bus claim' line which is an output that the
+others can see. These are all active low with pull-ups enabled. We'll
+describe these lines as:
+
+- OUR_CLAIM: output from us signaling to other hosts that we want the bus
+- THEIR_CLAIMS: output from others signaling that they want the bus
+
+The basic algorithm is to assert your line when you want the bus, then make
+sure that the other side doesn't want it also. A detailed explanation is best
+done with an example.
+
+Let's say we want to claim the bus. We:
+1. Assert OUR_CLAIM.
+2. Waits a little bit for the other sides to notice (slew time, say 10
+ microseconds).
+3. Check THEIR_CLAIMS. If none are asserted then the we have the bus and we are
+ done.
+4. Otherwise, wait for a few milliseconds and see if THEIR_CLAIMS are released.
+5. If not, back off, release the claim and wait for a few more milliseconds.
+6. Go back to 1 (until retry time has expired).
+
+
+Required properties:
+- compatible: i2c-arb-gpio-challenge
+- our-claim-gpio: The GPIO that we use to claim the bus.
+- their-claim-gpios: The GPIOs that the other sides use to claim the bus.
+ Note that some implementations may only support a single other master.
+- Standard I2C mux properties. See mux.txt in this directory.
+- Single I2C child bus node at reg 0. See mux.txt in this directory.
+
+Optional properties:
+- slew-delay-us: microseconds to wait for a GPIO to go high. Default is 10 us.
+- wait-retry-us: we'll attempt another claim after this many microseconds.
+ Default is 3000 us.
+- wait-free-us: we'll give up after this many microseconds. Default is 50000 us.
+
+
+Example:
+ i2c@12CA0000 {
+ compatible = "acme,some-i2c-device";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+ #size-cells = <0>;
+ };
+
+ i2c-arbitrator {
+ compatible = "i2c-arb-gpio-challenge";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+ #size-cells = <0>;
+
+ i2c-parent = <&{/i2c@12CA0000}>;
+
+ our-claim-gpio = <&gpf0 3 1>;
+ their-claim-gpios = <&gpe0 4 1>;
+ slew-delay-us = <10>;
+ wait-retry-us = <3000>;
+ wait-free-us = <50000>;
+
+ i2c@0 {
+ reg = <0>;
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+ #size-cells = <0>;
+
+ i2c@52 {
+ // Normal I2C device
+ };
+ };
+ };
--- /dev/null
+/*
+ * GPIO-based I2C Arbitration Using a Challenge & Response Mechanism
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 Google, Inc
+ *
+ * This software is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public
+ * License version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation, and
+ * may be copied, distributed, and modified under those terms.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/gpio.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/i2c.h>
+#include <linux/i2c-mux.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/of_i2c.h>
+#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
+#include <linux/platform_device.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+
+
+/**
+ * struct i2c_arbitrator_data - Driver data for I2C arbitrator
+ *
+ * @parent: Parent adapter
+ * @child: Child bus
+ * @our_gpio: GPIO we'll use to claim.
+ * @our_gpio_release: 0 if active high; 1 if active low; AKA if the GPIO ==
+ * this then consider it released.
+ * @their_gpio: GPIO that the other side will use to claim.
+ * @their_gpio_release: 0 if active high; 1 if active low; AKA if the GPIO ==
+ * this then consider it released.
+ * @slew_delay_us: microseconds to wait for a GPIO to go high.
+ * @wait_retry_us: we'll attempt another claim after this many microseconds.
+ * @wait_free_us: we'll give up after this many microseconds.
+ */
+
+struct i2c_arbitrator_data {
+ struct i2c_adapter *parent;
+ struct i2c_adapter *child;
+ int our_gpio;
+ int our_gpio_release;
+ int their_gpio;
+ int their_gpio_release;
+ unsigned int slew_delay_us;
+ unsigned int wait_retry_us;
+ unsigned int wait_free_us;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * i2c_arbitrator_select - claim the I2C bus
+ *
+ * Use the GPIO-based signalling protocol; return -EBUSY if we fail.
+ */
+static int i2c_arbitrator_select(struct i2c_adapter *adap, void *data, u32 chan)
+{
+ const struct i2c_arbitrator_data *arb = data;
+ unsigned long stop_retry, stop_time;
+
+ /* Start a round of trying to claim the bus */
+ stop_time = jiffies + usecs_to_jiffies(arb->wait_free_us) + 1;
+ do {
+ /* Indicate that we want to claim the bus */
+ gpio_set_value(arb->our_gpio, !arb->our_gpio_release);
+ udelay(arb->slew_delay_us);
+
+ /* Wait for the other master to release it */
+ stop_retry = jiffies + usecs_to_jiffies(arb->wait_retry_us) + 1;
+ while (time_before(jiffies, stop_retry)) {
+ int gpio_val = !!gpio_get_value(arb->their_gpio);
+
+ if (gpio_val == arb->their_gpio_release) {
+ /* We got it, so return */
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ usleep_range(50, 200);
+ }
+
+ /* It didn't release, so give up, wait, and try again */
+ gpio_set_value(arb->our_gpio, arb->our_gpio_release);
+
+ usleep_range(arb->wait_retry_us, arb->wait_retry_us * 2);
+ } while (time_before(jiffies, stop_time));
+
+ /* Give up, release our claim */
+ gpio_set_value(arb->our_gpio, arb->our_gpio_release);
+ udelay(arb->slew_delay_us);
+ dev_err(&adap->dev, "Could not claim bus, timeout\n");
+ return -EBUSY;
+}
+
+/**
+ * i2c_arbitrator_deselect - release the I2C bus
+ *
+ * Release the I2C bus using the GPIO-based signalling protocol.
+ */
+static int i2c_arbitrator_deselect(struct i2c_adapter *adap, void *data,
+ u32 chan)
+{
+ const struct i2c_arbitrator_data *arb = data;
+
+ /* Release the bus and wait for the other master to notice */
+ gpio_set_value(arb->our_gpio, arb->our_gpio_release);
+ udelay(arb->slew_delay_us);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int i2c_arbitrator_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
+{
+ struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
+ struct device_node *np = dev->of_node;
+ struct device_node *parent_np;
+ struct i2c_arbitrator_data *arb;
+ enum of_gpio_flags gpio_flags;
+ unsigned long out_init;
+ int ret;
+
+ /* We only support probing from device tree; no platform_data */
+ if (!np) {
+ dev_err(dev, "Cannot find device tree node\n");
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+ if (dev->platform_data) {
+ dev_err(dev, "Platform data is not supported\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ arb = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*arb), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!arb) {
+ dev_err(dev, "Cannot allocate i2c_arbitrator_data\n");
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ }
+ platform_set_drvdata(pdev, arb);
+
+ /* Request GPIOs */
+ ret = of_get_named_gpio_flags(np, "our-claim-gpio", 0, &gpio_flags);
+ if (!gpio_is_valid(ret)) {
+ if (ret != -EPROBE_DEFER)
+ dev_err(dev, "Error getting our-claim-gpio\n");
+ return ret;
+ }
+ arb->our_gpio = ret;
+ arb->our_gpio_release = !!(gpio_flags & OF_GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW);
+ out_init = (gpio_flags & OF_GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW) ?
+ GPIOF_OUT_INIT_HIGH : GPIOF_OUT_INIT_LOW;
+ ret = devm_gpio_request_one(dev, arb->our_gpio, out_init,
+ "our-claim-gpio");
+ if (ret) {
+ if (ret != -EPROBE_DEFER)
+ dev_err(dev, "Error requesting our-claim-gpio\n");
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ ret = of_get_named_gpio_flags(np, "their-claim-gpios", 0, &gpio_flags);
+ if (!gpio_is_valid(ret)) {
+ if (ret != -EPROBE_DEFER)
+ dev_err(dev, "Error getting their-claim-gpio\n");
+ return ret;
+ }
+ arb->their_gpio = ret;
+ arb->their_gpio_release = !!(gpio_flags & OF_GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW);
+ ret = devm_gpio_request_one(dev, arb->their_gpio, GPIOF_IN,
+ "their-claim-gpio");
+ if (ret) {
+ if (ret != -EPROBE_DEFER)
+ dev_err(dev, "Error requesting their-claim-gpio\n");
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ /* At the moment we only support a single two master (us + 1 other) */
+ if (gpio_is_valid(of_get_named_gpio(np, "their-claim-gpios", 1))) {
+ dev_err(dev, "Only one other master is supported\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ /* Arbitration parameters */
+ if (of_property_read_u32(np, "slew-delay-us", &arb->slew_delay_us))
+ arb->slew_delay_us = 10;
+ if (of_property_read_u32(np, "wait-retry-us", &arb->wait_retry_us))
+ arb->wait_retry_us = 3000;
+ if (of_property_read_u32(np, "wait-free-us", &arb->wait_free_us))
+ arb->wait_free_us = 50000;
+
+ /* Find our parent */
+ parent_np = of_parse_phandle(np, "i2c-parent", 0);
+ if (!parent_np) {
+ dev_err(dev, "Cannot parse i2c-parent\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ arb->parent = of_find_i2c_adapter_by_node(parent_np);
+ if (!arb->parent) {
+ dev_err(dev, "Cannot find parent bus\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ /* Actually add the mux adapter */
+ arb->child = i2c_add_mux_adapter(arb->parent, dev, arb, 0, 0, 0,
+ i2c_arbitrator_select,
+ i2c_arbitrator_deselect);
+ if (!arb->child) {
+ dev_err(dev, "Failed to add adapter\n");
+ ret = -ENODEV;
+ i2c_put_adapter(arb->parent);
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int i2c_arbitrator_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
+{
+ struct i2c_arbitrator_data *arb = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
+
+ i2c_del_mux_adapter(arb->child);
+ i2c_put_adapter(arb->parent);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct of_device_id i2c_arbitrator_of_match[] = {
+ { .compatible = "i2c-arb-gpio-challenge", },
+ {},
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, i2c_arbitrator_of_match);
+
+static struct platform_driver i2c_arbitrator_driver = {
+ .probe = i2c_arbitrator_probe,
+ .remove = i2c_arbitrator_remove,
+ .driver = {
+ .owner = THIS_MODULE,
+ .name = "i2c-arb-gpio-challenge",
+ .of_match_table = of_match_ptr(i2c_arbitrator_of_match),
+ },
+};
+
+module_platform_driver(i2c_arbitrator_driver);
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("GPIO-based I2C Arbitration");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Doug Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
+MODULE_ALIAS("platform:i2c-arb-gpio-challenge");
projects / cascardo / linux.git / commitdiff